浅谈建筑安装工程预算的学习

建筑安装工程预算是一门综合性较强的学科,由建筑给排水、采暖、通风空调、电器等多个专业,多个学科组成,是一门独立的,实践性很强的课程。本课程没有过多的理论和公式的推导,重点在于知识的掌握和应用,因此在学习的过程中有很多需要注意的地方。     

美国预算过程及其对我国预算制度改革的启示

目前国内学者对预算过程的研究还没有足够的重视。中美两国的预算过程有着很大的差异,立法部门预算过程的差异尤为明显。通过对美国预算过程的分析,可以发现立法部门在美国预算过程中处于主导地位,预算过程的运行受到大量制度安排的控制。结合国情,我国应该通过制度建设与机构改革逐步完善立法部门的预算监控职能,并通过程序控制与法律手段保证立法部门的预算意志得以执行。     

基于公共预算视角的三公经费管理问题及优化治理

三公经费管理作为反映财政预算单位拨款支出的活动,在财政预算管理体系中占有重要地位。通过研究三公经费管理中存在的弊端,解读公共预算在三公经费管理活动中所起的实质作用,进而提出规范优化治理的对策。从公共预算管理的角度阐述三公经费,寻求实现三公经费公开的解决对策。     

Leading national brands facing store brands competition: Is price competitiveness the only thing that matters?

Store Brands (SBs) have experienced a strong increase in both value and unit sales internationally during the last decades; thus their market share has been constantly growing. Starting from these considerations, the present work aims at deepening the topic of inter-brand competition within the FMCG market and, in particular, the market share trade-off between Leading National Brands (LNBs) and Store Brands. Our empirical analysis is based on panel data about 322 product categories sold within the Modern Grocery Distribution stores in the 2010–2013 period. Results obtained show: (i) the existence of a relationship between the increase in the LNB-SB price gap and the switching of market share from the former towards the latter; (ii) the consolidation of a change in consumers' purchasing preference in favor of SBs; (iii) the existence of an inverse relationship between the inter-brand competition intensity and the retail branding life cycle evolutionary stage, which is different for each product category.     

导数的经济意义

导数是高等数学的基本概念之一,导数的应用范围颇为广泛,运用导数对经济问题进行分析可以为企业的决策提供依据。本文将就导数在经济中的应用略做讨论。     

The labour share and the dynamics of output

We derive a new Keynesian IS curve that is augmented to capture the direct effects of the labour share on output. Our derivation shows that the direct effect of the labour share on output is ambiguous. Furthermore, theory suggests that the expected labour share negatively affects output. Empirically, we find that the labour share plays a significant role in driving output dynamics. However contrary to theoretical expectation, the expected labour share positively affects output in some cases, a finding we call the ‘labour share puzzle’. We also find that over time, there seems to be a general shift in aggregate demand dynamics towards being profit-led, i.e. rising labour share decreases output. We conclude that policymakers should not ignore the labour share in their decisions.     

On the Differential Effects of European Patents

Since the invention of the European Patent System, national patent systems have continued to co-exist, although they did lose appeal. How have the different national systems been affected in view of their characteristics? In order to answer this question a constant-market-share (CMS) analysis is carried out. While on a theoretical level, the different elements adding to the appeal of each patent system are discussed, the CMS-analysis reveals the importance of country size in that the national systems of smaller countries lose.     

我国国有企业民营化发行后绩效变化的影响因素分析

笔者研究了我国国有企业民营化发行前后的绩效分布和变化特征,并重点从宏观层面和微观层面分析了绩效变化的影响因素。研究表明,经济增长率、资本市场成熟度、机构投资者、集权式管理、股权再融资和独立审计选择能够促进民营化发行后绩效水平的改善,市场竞争度、大股东控制度、中央控制、股权制衡度和关联交易对民营化发行后的绩效具有显著负相关影响,而行业管制、投资者保护度、地区市场化和对外担保对民营化发行后绩效的影响效应不明显。可见,影响国有企业民营化发行后绩效变化的原因来自宏观和微观两个方面,忽视任何方面都不能全面地解释民营化绩效的变化。     

对价和信息不对称在股权分置改革中对投票结果的影响

本文总结分析了中国股权分置改革中投票机制的特征,并研究了对价水平、信息不对称等影响投票结果的因素。研究发现,分组投票的机制和流通股股东的理性有效制约了占多数投票权的非流通股股东,并保障了对价方案总体处于双方认为合理的水平。数据显示,流通股的投票率只有33%,而非流通股的投票率将近其三倍;双方的支持率则比较接近,且都处于较高水平。结果表明,对价水平较低的提案能引起流通股较高的投票率;同时伴随着流通股较低的支持率和较高的反对率。此外,流通股股东和非流通股股东之间信息不对称程度的改善能有效增加具有信息劣势的流通股股东投票率,并促使股东双方在对价提案的意见上取得一致,从而得到较高的支持率和较低的反对率。