Resettlement's impact on the domestic economy in lake restoration:case study of Poyang Lake region

The Chinese government started a lake restoration project in Poyang Lake region 10 years ago,and the expost monitor of the migrants' livelihoods was limited.This paper compares the composition difference of domestic income and domestic consumption between migration and non-migration villages in Poyang Lake region.The results show that the migrants' domestic income has increased in the last 10 years,which originated from the increasing trend of active and extensive rural labor migration,while the resettlement has not influenced the domestic income significantly.The resettlement stimulates younger farmers to work far away from home whose wages contribute nearly 80% of domestic income.The resettlement decreases their savings due to higher expenditure of daily life for those who work far away from home,and higher expenditure of food for those who stay at home,losing cultivated lands with irrigation system for vegetable.On the other hand,the increase of rural labor migration leads the migrants who stay at home to have access to more cultivated lands for rice and cotton,and the farmers also apply more fertilizer in the same cultivated land for more agriculture products.The resettlement makes most of migrants spend their savings on the improvement of their housing conditions due to not enough governmental financial support for new building.After the analysis,some factors that influence migrants' income and consumption are discussed.The paper may contribute to the building of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone.     

外出务工对流出地家庭生计策略的影响——来自西部山区的证据

本文首先基于可持续生计框架,引入劳动力迁移的视角,之后改进农户模型以分析劳动力外出务工对流出地家庭生计策略的影响机理,并利用陕西秦岭北麓地区1074户的调查数据进行验证。结果发现:外地打工虽然有利于家庭的资本积累,但会阻碍流出地非农生计活动的参与和劳动力供给;本地打工在促进资本积累的同时,对参与林(经济)作物种植、养殖和自营等生计活动有显著的促进作用,但过多的劳动力外出务工仍然会减少本地其它活动的收入水平。     

Communicating the ‘migrant’ other as risk: space,EU and expanding borders

Forced migration and border spaces as fault lines posing risks to society through the notion of ‘Othering’, remain under-explored in risk literature. With Europe facing its biggest humanitarian crisis with forced migration and displacement due to conflict zones, the borders of the European Union have received renewed attention in media. Refugees and the displaced are often depicted as ‘migrants’ and are seen as transgressing borders as illegitimate entities. Although increasing attention has been paid to border patrol and issues of securitization since 9/11, the ‘migrant’ body as ‘risky body’ in political and policy discussions is under-conceptualized and theorized in risk literature. We examine political discourses of the UK Government to discern how the migrant and the expanding borders of the EU are framed as forms of societal and economic risk and equally how these are mitigated with and through the discourse of space and borders. We take a constructionist approach to the ‘migrant’ problem in the EU and UK where risk is socially constructed through political discourse.     

Emigration,wage differentials and brain drain: the case of Suriname

In this article, we examine two hypotheses concerning emigration. The first hypothesis is that emigration is positively correlated with wage differentials. The second hypothesis concerns a positive correlation between emigration and higher education in the sending country (the so-called brain gain hypothesis). We analyse unique time-series data for Suriname for the period 1972–2009, for which we fit error correction models to disentangle short-run from long-run effects. We document moderate support for the first hypothesis, but we find strong support for the brain drain (and not brain gain) hypothesis. We conclude with implications of our findings for Suriname.     

农村居民迁居意愿影响因素分析

居住是反映居民基本生存状态的重要指标之一。随着经济社会的不断发展,各种因素的变化导致了人们对其居住需求的改变和居住区位的再选择,进一步影响着各种居住空间结构的变迁。文章基于1 234份农户调查数据,运用二元选择Logit模型对影响农户迁居选择的影响因素和迁居意愿进行了回归分析。结果显示家庭总人口、现住宅改造时间、出路交通、房屋面积及结构、地形是影响农村居民迁居意愿的主要因素。农村居民迁居意愿的产生是农户考虑主要影响因素后,家庭进行综合决策的结果。随着农村大家庭的逐渐消解,家庭结构的日趋小型化,人口较多的大户家庭还面临着进一步迁居的可能;山地农村居民更愿意迁居;出路交通和现有住宅结构还是居住环境中引起居民居住不满的主要因素。今后的农村居民点建设应适度从农户角度出发,合理引导居民迁居,不断完善居民点规划。     

Rural-to-urban migration, human capital, and agglomeration

A new general-equilibrium model that links together rural-to-urban migration, the externality effect of the average level of human capital, and agglomeration economies shows that in developing countries, unrestricted rural-to-urban migration reduces the average income of both rural and urban dwellers in equilibrium. Various measures aimed at curtailing rural-to-urban migration by unskilled workers can lead to a Pareto improvement for both the urban and rural dwellers. In addition, the government can raise social welfare by reducing the migration of skilled workers to the city. Moreover, without a restriction on rural-to-urban migration, a government's efforts to increase educational expenditure and thereby the number of skilled workers may not increase wage rates in the rural or urban areas.     

农村剩余劳动力跨省迁移的实证分析

本文将农民作为市场经济的理性主体,利用第五次人口普查的数据,使用线性化的logit模型,对影响农村劳动力跨省迁移的概率和流向等因素进行实证分析。结果表明,迁出地的人均耕地、劳动者受教育状况、农业劳动生产率、城镇居民收入以及两地距离等对农村劳动力的跨省迁移具有显著影响。     

Migration and its Determinants: A Study of Two Communities in Colombia

Using data gathered by the author in two communities in Southwestern Colombia, this paper tests a model of migration which incorporates relative deprivation as one of many possible reasons to migrate. The study finds that the product of relative deprivation and family income not only has a sensible interpretation; it is a better predictor of migration than its two component variables alone. Results also show that families with the highest propensities to migrate are those with the most to gain in terms of being better able to reduce relative deprivation through successful migration. These families, however, are neither at the bottom nor at the top of the income distribution in their communities. The study also finds that those most likely to migrate to the USA conform most closely to the immigration policies of the USA.

农村老人的城市迁移——基于河南省x高校青年教师公寓144户家庭的调查

出于不能自我料理生活起居、照顾孙辈等原因,农村老人会在几近暮年时向城市迁移。对向城市迁移这一生活方式的转变,农村老人有拒绝、被迫接受和主动要求三种不同态度。一旦移居城市,老人的不适应会使家庭矛盾会增加,心理负担加重,这是年轻人啃老的另一种形式。但同时减少了农村留守儿童的数量,年轻人在城市更能安居乐业。     

环境规制约束下企业发展的空间布局选择

环境规制对企业的生存和发展有着巨大的影响,企业在空间布局方面应采取怎样的行为予以应对,迫切需要人们加以思考和探讨。研究认为,环境规制约束下企业发展的空间布局选择有两种:企业迁移和企业集聚。一般而言,在对污染密集企业的处罚程度存在差异、各国各地区环境规制松紧不同、所在地环境成本对企业发展形成严重制约的情况下,企业应考虑作出向环境成本较低地区迁移的选择。在可以实现资源循环利用、环境成本降低、信息传递和服务便捷、专业化劳动力与技术在特定地理区域内能被利用等情况下,一些具有内在关联的企业应考虑作出向特定区域进行一定程度的集聚,以形成生态产业园区的选择。