Green technological progress,agricultural modernization,and wage inequality: Lessons from China

Green technological progress (GTP) is crucial for environmental protection and economic growth in China. Over the past decades, China made huge GTP which exerts a far-reaching consequence on economic and social development. However, a paucity of research investigates the distributional effect of GTP. Meanwhile, we incorporate agricultural producer service sector into a three-sector general equilibrium model to reflect the modernization of small-scale agriculture. The agricultural producer service sector that acts as an intermediate sector can facilitate the utilization of intermediate inputs indirectly. To desalinate this process, a two-layer vertical production structure is established: parts of manufacturing goods are utilized by the service sector, outputs of which are intermediate inputs that could substitute labor in agriculture. Theoretical analysis shows that GTP increases both wage of skilled labor and unskilled labor. Nevertheless, GTP generates a greater impact on the wage of skilled labor than unskilled labor, leading to widening income disparity. Then, we examine the impact of GTP on wage inequality using a balanced panel data covering 30 provincial units in China during 2000–2019. In line with our theoretical conjecture, we find strong supportive evidences that GTP significantly widens the wage inequality.     

贸易自由化、人口流动与地区犯罪率

文章探讨了中国贸易自由化进程对犯罪活动的影响及其发生作用的机制。研究基于中国产品层面的关税数据，构建差异性的地区贸易保护指标，衡量各地区贸易自由化程度，进而利用2000-2011年省级面板数据，运用固定效应模型与工具变量法实证检验贸易自由化与犯罪率之间的关系及潜在人口流动的影响机制。结果表明：中国加入WTO后，贸易自由化显著推升了犯罪率水平，且贸易自由化程度越深入的省份，犯罪率提升程度越高，地区效应显著；贸易自由化主要通过增加外来人口流入等渠道推升了犯罪活动。因而，中国在进一步对外开放过程中，要注重处理好贸易自由化带来的负面效应和由此产生的额外社会成本，更加注重流动人口权益的保障，消除劳动力市场扭曲，最小化贸易自由化可能带来的不利影响。     

铁路IP数据网与综合IT网两网融合方案研究

铁路IP数据网与综合IT网“两网融合”对提高网络资源利用率及信息化建设起着至关重要的作用.介绍铁路IP数据网与综合IT网的现状,分析“两网融合”的可行性,提出了相应的改造思路及解决方案,以适应当前铁路运输通信发展需求.     

Remittances and incumbency: Theory and evidence

By raising household income, remittances lower the marginal utility of targeted electoral transfers, thus weakening the efficacy of vote buying. Yet, remittances make individuals wealthier and believe the national economy is performing well, which is positively attributed to the incumbent. Building on these insights, I show that the confluence of these divergent channels generate a surprising result that at increasingly higher levels of dissatisfaction with the incumbent, a remittance recipient is more likely to vote for the incumbent than a non‐remittance recipient. These predictions and their underlying mechanisms are substantiated across 18 Latin American countries.     

Understanding the Remittance Gender Gap among Hispanics in the US: Gendered Norms and the Role of Expectations

Using the 2006 Latino National Survey (LNS), this study analyzes the existence of a gender gap in favor of men in the monetary remittance behavior of Hispanics residing in the United States. Findings indicate that cultural gender norms and expectations in the country of origin play a key role. The study shows that women migrants are less likely to remit than men and, when they do, they transfer smaller amounts. The remittance gender gap is not universal among subgroups, since it is only observable among Hispanics who came to the US to improve their economic situation, plan to return to their home country, and have low income and low schooling. An index on migrants’ perceptions of gender roles as a proxy for cultural gendered norms is constructed and shows that more traditional gender views are associated with a significant gender gap in favor of men in remittances.     

人口迁移对区域经济增长地区差异的影响分析——以陕西省为例

人口的大规模迁移流动是改革开放后我国经济社会发展的主要特征之一,其流动态势与区域之间的经济差距逐渐扩大趋势相耦合。文章以我国西部地区人口迁移与经济增长之间的关系为研究对象,以陕西省为例,分析迁移对省内各地级市的经济地区差距的影响。通过运用泰尔指数以及灰色关联度分析等方法,证明了迁移流动人口与区域经济发展具有极高的关联度。建立的人口迁移与经济增长之间计量模型的结果显示：1991—2004年期间劳动力流动有助于缩小地区间经济差距,使区域经济呈现出速度大于3％的条件收敛。并且人口迁移要素对经济增长的贡献显著,资本投入对经济增长也具有强大的推动作用。     

Labor Supply,Migration, and Long-Term Development

This article analyzes the impact of the supply of skilled and unskilled labor on the growth rate of open economies. Using an expansion-in-varieties framework, the model distinguishes between a long-term equilibrium and a medium-term adjustment path. It is demonstrated that the dynamic effects of labor supply are different in a model with expanding varieties in the consumption sector from those in a model with expanding varieties in the production sector. In addition, the outcome depends on the elasticities of substitution in production as well as the countries' production shares in world goods markets. It is shown that, in general, the supply of unskilled labor is likely to have an unfavorable effect on long-term development.     

The impact of parental migration on non-cognitive abilities of left behind children in northwestern China

Despite the vast literature surrounding various aspects of left behind children (LBC)’s development in China, very few studies have examined the development of, and impact on their non-cognitive abilities as a result of parental migration. Using survey data consisting of 5002 eighth graders from 160 middle schools in northwestern China, this paper investigates how parental migration affects children’s non-cognitive abilities, as is measured by Big Five components of conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, and openness, as well as children’s grit. We narrow our analysis to long run and short run migration subsamples and use the propensity score matching method to address the potential selection bias issue. Our results show that mother’s migration is particularly harmful to the development of children’s non-cognitive abilities, as mother is usually the primary caregiver and mother’s migration makes less economic contribution to the family. In the long run, LBC with migrant mother tend to have lower levels of conscientiousness and grit; they also have higher level of neuroticism (or lower level of emotional stability). In the short run, when mother migrates, children tend to have lower levels of conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness.     

A tabu search heuristic for redesigning a multi-echelon supply chain network over a planning horizon

This paper addresses the problem of redesigning a supply chain network with multiple echelons and commodities. The problem belongs to a comprehensive class of network redesign problems previously introduced in the literature. Redesign decisions comprise the relocation of existing facilities to new sites under an available budget over a finite time horizon, the supply of commodities by upstream facilities, the inventory levels at storage facilities, and the flow of commodities through the network. The problem is modeled as a large-scale mixed-integer linear program. Feasible solutions are obtained by using a tabu search procedure that explores the space of the facility location variables. The latter prescribe the time periods in which changes in the network configuration occur. They are triggered by the setup of new facilities, which operate with capacity transferred from the existing facilities, and by closing the latter upon their entire relocation. As the problem is highly constrained, infeasible solutions with excess budget are allowed during the course of the search process. However, such solutions are penalized for their infeasibility. Computational experiments on realistically sized randomly generated instances indicate that this strategic oscillation scheme used in conjunction with tabu search performs very well.     

重庆“钉子户”事件的物权法分析

重庆"钉子户"事件引起了社会的广泛关注。该事件的产生涉及若干《物权法》上的问题,也反映了目前我国城市房屋拆迁制度存在的缺陷。弥补这些缺陷应在《物权法》中明确界定"公共利益"的范围、确定拆迁补偿的规则,从而进一步完善《物权法》中的征收制度。