云南怒江州易地搬迁人口的致贫因素与后续脱贫路径研究

目的 通过对云南省怒江州所辖3县1市易地搬迁贫困人口的入户调查,归纳主要致贫因素,设计有针对性的脱贫措施和实施路径,推动易地搬迁贫困人口早日脱贫。方法 文章运用地理调查方法,从怒江州67个易地搬迁安置点中随机选择了32个,在所选安置点中随机抽选621户搬迁户进行入户调查访谈,获取搬迁户基本家庭信息和主要致贫因素。结果 截止2019年末,68%的易地搬迁贫困户仍未脱贫,其主要致贫因素包括文化素质、地理区位、交通条件、产业基础等区域性因素以及发展动力、疾病、教育等家庭个性因素;易地搬迁贫困户的贫困类型有内源型贫困、外源型贫困和复合型贫困,区域性措施、普惠性措施、到户措施等后续脱贫的必要措施。结论 易地扶贫搬迁不是脱贫的充分条件,搬迁人口中依然有大量贫困对象,其后续脱贫需要厘清致贫因素、制定脱贫措施并构建易于措施落实的制度环境。     

中国地区经济增长溢出效应传输渠道研究

文章通过分析贸易、要素流动、技术扩散、制度推移等渠道对我国地区经济增长溢出效应的传输机理,认为在短期内,贸易和资本流动主要体现二三产业在地区间的关联,劳动力流动更多体现的是第一产业的地区关联.在此基础上,文章建立包括东中西三大地区和中西部三次产业产出变量的VAR模型,并根据中西部三次产业对东部和中部冲击的脉冲响应(IRF)结果,得出劳动力流动和贸易是东部向中西部传输溢出效应的主渠道,劳动力流动是中部向西部传输溢出效应的主渠道的结论.     

中国农村劳动力转移问题探析

农村劳动力转移对于"新农村建设"具有重要现实意义,但不受限制、无序的人口向城市流动也会带来许多城市问题和社会问题.当前我国农村劳动力转移面临许多问题,而转变劳动力转移观念,创造各种有利条件,实现农村劳动力就地转移也许更能促使城乡协调发展.     

长江三角洲地区人口入迁及城市化的区域经济因素分析:基于面板数据的研究

以“人口迁移和人口就地非农化是中国城市化两种并行不悖的实现形式”为立论,运用面板数据模型方法,从人口入迁和人口非农化两个角度对影响中国长江三角洲地区城市化的区域经济因素做了分析。第二和第三产业产值比重对推动长三角地区城市化进程的作用显著;工资水平是影响长三角地区人口入迁的最重要因素;人均GDP虽然对长三角地区人口非农化的作用显著,但对人口入迁的作用是不确定的;外商直接投资和对外贸易依存度等开放经济因素对长三角地区城市化的作用非常有限。     

农村剩余劳动力迁移的充要条件分析——基于预期收入成本理论

笔者结合收益成本理论及托达罗模型,在对农民预期迁移收益和成本分析的基础上,通过调研数据,分别对就地和异地两种迁移方式以及迁移前后的收益进行对比分析。结论显示:第一,农村剩余劳动力就地迁移和异地迁移的最低期望月薪差值远远大于异地迁移成本;第二,农民对就地迁移和异地迁移的最低期望月收入分别是农民在农村剔除务工收入后人均月收入的3.42倍和4.80倍,这两个比例数值即是本文寻求的焦点——农村剩余劳动力迁移的充要条件,并且该比例数值可能会随着不同地区农村经济水平的提高而减小。     

Agglomeration,migration cost and intergovernmental transfers

The purpose of this article is to investigate the central government redistribution policies across local governments that affect regional agglomeration. Though full agglomeration is efficient, in many cases factor mobility is imperfect and the full agglomeration is not realized. This article analysed whether or not the central government should adjust the distribution of populations through local governments. The result is as follows: If individuals are relatively mobile, the central government can improve the aggregate income. In this case, when the private production and public sector are small, the central government should transfer from the productive regions local government to low-productive regions.     

Effect of Parental Migration on the Academic Performance of Left‐behind Middle School Students in Rural China

China's rapid development and urbanization over the past 30 years have caused large numbers of rural residents to migrate to urban areas in search of work. This has created a generation of children who remain behind in rural areas when their parents migrate for work. Previous research has found mixed impacts of parental migration on the educational achievement of left‐behind children (LBC), perhaps because of methodological deficiencies and lack of recognition of the heterogeneity of this population of children. Our study attempts to examine the impact of six types of parental migration on the academic achievement of a rural junior high school sample. Our study uses a panel of 7148 junior high school students to implement a difference‐in‐difference analysis and finds that parental migration has a negative and significant impact on the academic achievement of junior high school students. Our study suggests that the Chinese Government should implement measures to dismantle barriers to the human capital accumulation of LBC to ensure sustainable economic growth and human capital development in China.     

Labor migration and the decoupling of the crop-livestock system in a rural mountainous area: Evidence from Chongqing,China

Massive out-migration of rural labor force brings both challenges and opportunities to crop-livestock integrated production system (crop-livestock system) in smallholder economy. Compared with previous researches that have paid major attention to the effect of labor migration on either crop production or livestock husbandry, this study considers the mediating role of crop production in predicting the effect of labor migration on livestock raising. Our econometric estimation based on a 2012 survey of 974 rural households in Chongqing, a mountainous region of China, showed the following. (1) The massive migration of rural labor force had led to significant increase in farmland abandonment and considerable changes in the pattern of livestock raising. (2) The livestock raising number per household began to differentiate, with the livestock system separating from the traditional crop-livestock system and becoming a specialized business. (3) In terms of the pathways through which rural labor migration exerts impact on livestock raising number, though the increased opportunity costs of rural labor greatly reduced farmers’ willingness to raise livestock, the decoupling of the crop-livestock system partly alleviated the declining trend in the livestock raising number because of the availability of household labor force freed from cropping via farmland abandonment. These findings have important policy implications for rural development and agricultural restructuring in mountainous areas of China, and provide references for other developing countries.     

Labor and behavior determinants of remittances in Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is the second largest sender of international remittances. These remittances constitute large foreign capital inflows to labor‐exporting remittee economies. This study is the first to structurally decompose remittance dynamics into behavioral and labor market outcomes of migrants. Remittance outflows are decomposed into migrant labor supply, unemployment and participation rates, wage earnings, and the marginal propensity to remit (MPR) out of migrant earnings. The estimates suggest that migrant labor supply is highly elastic. The important driver of remittance dynamics is the MPR, migrant wages, and the labor supply of migrants. The MPR is found to respond counter‐cyclically to foreign gross domestic product.     

Migration decisions under ambiguity: Migration distance effects revisited

There is ample evidence that distance has a strong negative effect on migration. Despite its significance in migration decisions, scholars rarely explore the migration distance effect deeper than the first level of interpretation derived from the simple neoclassical theory of migration. This study revisits the migration distance effect in the spirit of Knightian distinction between risk and uncertainty. To this end, this study attempts to construct estimates of the risk premium migrants are willing to pay to avoid the risk associated with migration distance. The results show that the magnitude of the distance effect is not rationalized by risk aversion in the Arrow–Pratt sense (Arrow, 1965, The theory of risk aversion, Yrjo Jahnssonin Saatio, Helsinki, Finland, 90; Pratt, 1964, Econometrica, 32, 122). In particular, the risk premium demanded by distant rural residents is unjustifiably higher compared with that of those living closer to urban areas in their migration decisions. The results suggest that the migration distance effect is analogous to the equity home bias puzzle and the Ellsberg paradox in that the assumption of subjective expected utility can lead to seemingly irrational human behaviors. Some of the findings in this study shed light on the role of subjective aspects such as perception, confidence, and pessimism in migration decisions, which have been neglected in the literature.