抛开得失争议善用移民人才——亚洲开发银行《变移民之失为得-利用海外专业人才》述评

随着全球人才竞争日趋激烈，移民人才的利用问题引起了世界各国的空前重视。亚洲开发银行出台的《变移民之失为得-利用海外专业人才》报告，从政府动员移民的能力、为移民提供的机会和移民归国效力的动机这三个方面对中国、菲律宾和阿富汗三国开展调查，并提出了相关政策建议。文章对该报告进行了简要评述，并结合该报告观点和我国实际情况提出了针对性的建议。     

Migration Effects of Welfare Benefit Reform

This study tests for a migration response to the implementation of stricter rules for receiving welfare benefits (means-tested social assistance for individuals who lack sufficient work-related income), in the form of mandatory participation in activation programmes in Stockholm town districts. The results give no indications that activation programmes affect the moving choices of recipients of welfare benefits.     

The Effect of Marriage on Education of Immigrants: Evidence from a Policy Reform Restricting Marriage Migration*

We investigate the effect of immigrants’ marriage behavior on dropout from education. To identify the causal effect, we exploit a recent Danish policy reform that generated exogenous variation in marriage behavior by a complete abolishment of marriage migration for immigrants below 24 years. The reform influenced immigrants from countries with a high historical rate of marriage migration more than immigrants from country groups with a low rate. We find that the dropout rate for males increases by 25 percentage points as a consequence of marriage to a marriage migrant, whereas the effect for females is small and mostly insignificant.     

The Political Economy of Mobility Partnerships – Structural Power in the EU's External Migration Policy

The research on European Union (EU) external relations and the EU's own official discourse frequently portray the EU as a soft power that provides its neighbourhood with good governance principles. The European Mobility Partnerships (EU MPs) can be considered the most recent manifestation of this rhetoric. Studies on EU MPs reflect a narrow understanding of power. This paper aims to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the power dimension inherent in the EU's external relations. It develops a neogramscian theoretical framework to challenge the rhetoric of the EU as a soft power and normative hegemon. Drawing on semi-structured expert interviews and textual analysis of documents, it seeks to reveal whether and in what ways socio-economic power dynamics shape the EU MPs. This article argues that while, at the beginning, the design of the EU MPs as a policy tool has been very much influenced by neoliberal ideas such as the market-oriented liberalisation of mobility and the flexibilisation of labour, implementation is marked by the neo-mercantilist approach of restricting immigration and maximising the efficiency of readmission. Applying a critical political economy concept of power is helpful in understanding how market forces influence EU external migration policy, transcending a narrow understanding of power.     

西北地区进城农民工配偶相携迁移发展机制研究—基于22省60市的问卷调查

家庭迁移已经成为中国20世纪90年代以来农村劳动力乡城流动中的一个重要特征。运用课题组城镇打工农民就业变化与市民化问卷调查数据,分析了西北地区携眷迁移发展状况,从整体携眷迁移和夫妻不同先行者携眷迁移两个维度建立三个回归模型,将人力资本和社会资本放在统一的分析框架中,探讨西北地区进城农民工携眷迁移发展机制,首次对城市农民工配偶相携迁移机制进行了实证分析,拓展了以往农民工家庭迁移的研究视野。研究表明:西北地区未婚和已婚农民工携眷迁移水平远远低于个体迁移,且女性携眷迁移水平较男性携眷发展更低,与西北外地区携眷发展还有差距。人力资本、社会资本及城市门槛对夫妻不同先行者携眷迁移的影响作用及路径有显著差异,西北地区夫携迁移发展机制主要来自城市打工生活时间、现城镇住房状况、业缘朋友数量等级、迁移距离的作用,而妻携迁移发展的主要渠道和作用较夫携迁移多元化。应努力创建农民工相应迁移机制发挥效应的环境和平台,以增强其家庭成员迁移的人力资本、社会资本及跨越城市迁移门槛的能力,并形成携眷迁移与女性职业提升协同发展的互动机制。     

Impact of International Remittances on Schooling in the Philippines: Does the Relationship to the Household Head Matter?

We study the impact of international remittances on schooling in the Philippines, taking into account the school‐age individual's relationship to the household head. This consideration is important because employment opportunities abroad may be taken at the expense of the quality of child rearing. Our estimation results indicate that there are, indeed, significant negative guardian effects on school attendance and education expenditures when children with overseas parents are looked after by a relative other than a parent or grandparent. However, these negative effects tend to be outweighed by the positive impact of remittance flows from overseas.     

The contribution of human capital to a holistic response to climate change: learning from and for the Mekong Delta,Vietnam

Abstract

The Mekong Delta has been identified by the International Panel on Climate Change as one of the three most vulnerable areas in the world as sea levels rise due to climate change. The Vietnam Government has implemented a range of policies to assist migration in order to address these environmental problems. While much research has focused on the environmental causes of, and responses to, climate change there has been less research on the impact of environmentally motivated responses to climate change on labour force and human capital factors. This paper examines the experience of the Vietnam Government in encouraging internal migration from vulnerable agricultural areas to urban industrial cities, to explore the human capital effects of these environmentally motivated response to climate change. The paper first presents the environmental argument for migration in response to climate change, together with examples of what the Vietnam Government has done to encourage migration from the rural (originating) areas to other rural resettlement and city (receiving) areas. It then uses data collected as part of recent study into the impact of government encouragement for internal migration to explore the labour force and human capital impacts in both the originating region and receiving areas. The findings suggest that while there are social and economic advantages there are challenges, including ensuring that job opportunities are available, migrants and appropriate skills, and that labour contracts provide for job security and healthy and safe working result in improved living conditions. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a more integrated approach that acknowledges and addresses associated human capital (skills upgrading) and business development needs and integrates these with environmentally-motivated policies.     

Immigration, In-Migration, Ethnicity and Entrepreneurship in the United Kingdom

This paper develops and tests hypotheses concerning the effect of migrant status and ethnicity on propensity to engage in entrepreneurship (defined as new business activity) at the individual level in the UK. The hypotheses are tested using bivariate analysis (Pearson tests of independence) and multivariate analysis (binary logistic regression). Bivariate analysis suggests that new business activity varies with migrant status and ethnicity. Multivariate analysis suggests that migration increases the odds of engaging in new business activity, that the independent effect of ethnicity is marginal, and that being a recent ethnic minority migrant decreases the odds, after controlling for other individual level factors. At the regional level, a preliminary analysis suggests that gross migration flow has a higher correlation with new business activity than other commonly used regional demographic or economic development measures.      

如何做好易地扶贫搬迁后续就业帮扶

易地扶贫搬迁计划实施后,我国秦巴山区贫困人口稳就业、能致富仍然需要后续帮扶。研究选取了秦巴山区 4 县 1 区的 3015 户易地扶贫搬迁户作为调查对象,通过因子分析对各指标进行归类,再综合运用组合赋权对其进行最后的权重排序,得出影响搬迁户后续就业的主要因素分别是：就业能力、就业方式、就业观念、就业质量和就业信息因素。最后,从提升综合素质、丰富就业方式、优化就业环境三个方面做好易地扶贫搬迁后续就业。