Evolution of harvesting strategies: replicator and resource dynamics

Abstract. Economic theories of managing renewable resources, such as fisheries and forestry, traditionally assume that individual harvesters are perfectly rational and thus able to compute the harvesting strategy that maximizes their discounted profits. The current paper presents an alternative approach based on bounded rationality and evolutionary mechanisms. It is assumed that individual harvesters face a choice between two harvesting strategies. The evolution of the distribution of strategies in the population is modeled through a replicator dynamics equation. The latter captures the idea that strategies yielding above average profits are demanded more than strategies yielding below average profits, so that the first type ends up accounting for a larger part in the population. From a mathematical perspective, the combination of resource and evolutionary processes leads to complex dynamics. The paper presents the existence and stability conditions for each steady-state of the system and analyzes dynamic paths to the equilibrium. In addition, effects of changes in prices are analyzed. A main result of the paper is that under certain conditions both strategies can survive in the long-run. Correspondence to: J. Noailly     

Managing the international commons: Resource use and pollution control

The simultaneous management, in an international context, of free-access renewable resources and transboundary pollution, is examined in a dynamic game framework. First-best outcomes under international cooperation are determined and compared to noncooperative outcomes when countries follow linear Markov strategies. An international policy consisting of taxes on emissions and harvesting, with international redistribution of tax receipts, is used to achieve the cooperative solution. In addition, side payments may be required to prevent free riding and thus make the international policy implementable.Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the International WorkshopEconomic Aspects of International Water Resources Utilization in the Mediterranean Basin, Fondazione ENI Enrico Mattei, Milan, October 1993, and the Fifth Annual Conference of EAERE, Dublin, June 1994. I would like to thank Peter Berck, Charles Kolstad, Mordechai Schechter, and two anonymous referees for their valuable comments.     

我国农业水资源问题分析

水资源素有“农业生产的命脉”之称。由于多方面因素影响，我国农业水资源供需缺口越来越大．严重危及我国未来农业生产安全。本文分析了我国的农业水资源现状及存在的问题．并提出若干保护农业水资源安全的对策。     

论农地制度创新与中国农地资源合理配置

建国后我国经历了四次农地制度的变迁与创新．随之产生巨大的农地资源配置绩效差异。近20年来．土地家庭承包经营制对农地资源的合理配置起到了促进作用，但其产权缺陷、规模缺陷以及保障缺陷已经构成我国农地资源进一步优化配置的市场性、效率性、功能性障碍。为此．必须以农地产权制度创新为核心，明确产权主体．高效配置农地资源；完善土地流转制度．培育农地配置的市场体系；逐步建立农村社会保障体系．强化农地的生产功能。     

基于投入--占用--产出技术的自然资源乘数分析

本文在简要介绍投入—占用—产出系数表的基础上,给出了考虑固定资产占用的资源乘数计算公式。然后,以青岛市为例,研究了青岛市的海洋鱼类资源乘数。结果表明,1997年青岛市渔业部门的海洋鱼类资源乘数,考虑固定资产占用比不考虑固定资产占用有明显增加;考虑经济系统对生态系统的影响比仅考虑生态系统对经济系统投入时的资源乘数也有所增加;进一步考虑生态系统内部各成分之间的联系时,资源乘数又有所增加。     

北方牧区草地资源可持续利用的制度创新研究

我国北方牧区的天然草地发生了严重的退化,引发了一系列生态经济问题。导致草地退化的原因是多方面的, 制度供给不足和滞后是主要的社会经济原因。单纯依靠技术和资金投入治理退化草地,难以从根本上解决问题。应从科学发 展观的视角,通过改革现行草地所有权、使用权,完善草地资源管理制度,构建有助于体现草地资源生态价值的绿色考核体 系,实施有利于牧区发展的生态补偿政策,建立和完善草地利用和保护的激励机制,从而实现草地资源的可持续利用。     

论人力资本与智力资本的"虚拟资本"性质

本文认为人力资本、智力资本理论的产生,本质上是提出了"虚拟资本"问题,是对这些过去被看作是费用或成本的东西进行"资本化定价".在当代企业的资本范畴中实际上已经形成了以实体资本为一方的"硬资本"和以虚拟资本为另一方的"软资本"两大部份,而这两大部份是建立在"资本三要素"--物质资本、人力资本、智力资本基础上的.由"资本三要素"的基础概念,我们可以推解出一系列新的资本概念和形态,从中我们可以较清晰地辨别虚拟资本与实体资本的构架与层次,并可直观地厘清它们的边界与关系,这有利于我们更好地理解人力资本与智力资本的特性和功能.     

西部物流资源的优化配置研究

对西部物流资源的特点进行了分析，提出了西部物流资源优化配置的思路，研究了促进西部物流资源配置的重点措施，并用一些实例进行了说明。     

论人力资本理念下的现代企业会计理论模块与观念构架

运用传统会计知识和经验、兼容演绎法和归纳法对人力资本理念下的现代企业会计进行创新思考,先演绎成包括会计假设、会计确认、会计计量、会计账户、会计记录、会计报告六个一体化的理论方面,后归纳为包涵传统会计、人力资源会计两个立体化的观念层次,形成了人力资本理念下的现代企业会计理论模块与观念构架。     

资源、环境与企业能力形成的机理研究——以物流企业为例的分析

基于能力理论，在研究企业能力体系的基础上，从内部资源与外部环境两个视角分析了企业能力形成的一般规律。并以物流企业为研究对象，分析了资源与外部环境对物流企业能力形成的作用机理。