Conceptualising ‘shadow landscape’ in political ecology and rural studies

This paper develops the concept of ‘shadow landscape’ in order to describe the essential otherness and seemingly distinctive if ever contingent properties of in-between rural places characterised by historical depopulation and cultural marginalisation. It does so first of all through a critically sympathetic assessment of how these areas have been portrayed in the fields of political ecology and rural studies. In political ecology, reference has long been made to ‘depopulated areas’ whereas in rural studies there has been recently talk of ‘marginal cultures’. The result tends to be a ‘pre-given socio-spatial container’ (Zimmerer and Bassett, 2003) that often obscures more than it reveals about these distinctive locations. The paper thereafter outlines the concept of shadow landscape as a means by which to understand these areas, and does so via a discussion of marginality, scale, socio-nature and ‘cultures of depopulation’. In the process, some of the key material and discursive issues that surround these ‘imagined communities’ are brought into focus. The conclusion considers a future research agenda based on an understanding shaped by the concept of shadow landscape.     

高校民族教学存在的问题及建议

教育水平的高低影响着一个民族和地区的发展。高校教学水平又间接影响着在校大学生的就业前景。近年来，新疆少数民族教学得到了较大的发展，但仍存在一些问题。新疆高校进行民族教学改革成为目前政府、教育部门和高校教师的重要任务。可以通过加强民族教师队伍建设、充分发挥班主任及辅导员对提高民族大学生综合素质的作用以及加强外语和汉语教学改革等举措促进新疆高校民族教学的进一步发展。     

浅析海南黎族饮食文化,推广黎族美食

本文通过浅析黎族饮食的发展,挖掘其市场,宣传其文化,向世界推广其特色,使它成为国际旅游岛建设的亮点。     

应用于山区电气化铁路的新型列车尾部安全防护装置

文章阐述了我国列尾装置的发展历程、技术现状,介绍了适应于山区电气化铁路区段的特殊使用要求的新型列尾装置。     

对南疆少数民族大学生养成教育的思考

本文从南疆地区实际情况具体分析了南疆少数民族大学生养成教育的现状,从养成教育的内容、方法、氛围等方面提出了对南疆少数民族大学生进行养成教育的思路和设想。     

Visitor Management in Protected Areas: From ‘Hard’ to ‘Soft’ Approaches?

Historically, visitor management in protected areas has been concerned largely with visitor impacts and emphasis has been placed on managing negative impacts. This has involved controlling visitor numbers, attempting to modify visitor behaviour and also modifying the resource. These approaches can be divided into ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ categories (Ling Kuo, 2002). ‘Hard’ visitor management approaches involve physical management, regulatory management and economic management. ‘Soft’ approaches make use of education and interpretation. While the approach of managing impacts has its merits, and has met with some success, it has tended to assume that the visitor is ‘guilty until proven innocent’ (Mason, 2002). Such an approach has also tended to ignore the role of visitor experience in relation to visitor management. This paper critically evaluates a number of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ approaches to visitor management, focusing specifically on interpretation and codes of conduct in protected natural areas in New Zealand, Australia and Antarctica. It argues that the traditional approach of managing visitor impacts should be supported by a far greater emphasis on managing visitor experience. It proposes that placing emphasis on managing visitor experience should allow a more holistic perspective to be employed, in which the visitor can be put within a context that includes both the destination community and the environment visited. Such an approach, it is argued, should not only lead to better informed and behaved visitors, but a reduction in negative visitor impacts.     

集体林改加快了生态脆弱地区现代林业建设——甘肃、青海、宁夏三省(区)集体林改督查报告

青海、甘肃、宁夏地处我国高寒干旱、沙化、水土流失严重的西部生态脆弱地区,其林改革工作十分艰苦。林改中产权到户、补贴到户的森林生态补偿政策,政府组织造林、发展自主经营的造林方式亮点突出,成效显著,其做法和经验值得在全国推广。同时,还存在林改工作经费缺口大、生态补偿标准低、基层林业管理服务不足、灌木林管理立法滞后等问题,需要进一步解决。     

文化视角下的西部民族地区农村养老保障研究——以哈萨克族“还子”制为例

人口老龄化是当前我国民族地区面临的一项严峻的社会问题。在少数民族文化习俗中，家庭养老也是家庭的一项重要的社会功能。在现阶段，坚持以家庭养老为基本的养老方式符合过渡时期的需要，同时进一步缓解了我国社会保障面临的巨大压力。通过对哈萨克族“还子”制的个案研究，可为我国少数民族地区妥善解决农村养老保障制度提供借鉴。     

基于可持续发展的"绿色矿区"模式研究

针对我国煤炭矿区发展现状及存在的问题,在可持续发展理念的大背景下,提出了绿色矿区发展模式的构想,并讨论了实现的途径和手段,从而拓宽了资源型企业生存发展的研究领域.     

Smoking in the Workplace: Balancing Smoker and Nonsmoker Rights

The tobacco industry presents an interesting American dilemma. While warning against the use of tobacco and striving for a smokeless society the U.S. government subsidizes the growth of tobacco. The economic impact of smoking is, on balance, negative for users, nonusers and society. The federal government does not legislate the use of tobacco but most states and many municipalities have smoking laws. Although such laws vary they normally attempt to protect the rights of both smokers and nonsmokers. Workplace smoking policies also vary but generally focus on applicable laws, health research findings, employee preferences, involvement in policy determination, formalization and communication, and smoking cessation programs.