西方制造商售后服务战略研究述评

综合营销管理、运营管理和物流管理等多个学科的研究成果,从售后服务战略的动因,售后服务组合设计、定价、渠道、制造商组织变革几个方面对西方现有研究成果进行了回顾和评述,以期对我国制造商售后服务战略的制定与实施有所启示。最后,还对未来研究进行了展望。     

组织变革、动态能力与创新绩效——基于多案例的研究

本文旨在探讨组织变革、动态能力以及创新绩效之间的影响关系。以新产品开发为视角提出基于NPD的三维动态能力,并利用探索性案例研究方法,以制造业三家具有代表性的企业为分析样本,证实了组织变革对需求识别能力、概念开发能力和产品设计能力与创新绩效之间的关系起到了部分中介影响作用。     

Economic growth and poverty reduction in Indonesia before and after the asian financial crisis

This paper assesses the relationship between poverty reduction and economic growth in Indonesia before and after the Asian financial crisis. The annual rate of poverty reduction slowed significantly in the post-crisis period. However, the trend in the growth elasticity of poverty indicates that the power of each percentage point of economic growth to reduce poverty did not change much between the two periods. In both, service sector growth made the largest contribution to poverty reduction in both rural and urban areas. Industrial sector growth largely became irrelevant for poverty reduction in the post-crisis period even though the sector contributed the second-largest share of GDP. Agricultural sector growth, mean-while, remained important, but in rural areas only. The findings suggest the need to formulate an effective strategy to promote sectoral growth in order to speed up the pace of poverty reduction.     

Rhetoric or action: Are South African municipalities planning for climate change?

In 2008 the South African National Disaster Management Centre commissioned a study into measures taken by local municipalities to plan for climate change. Two areas were selected for their dissimilar climatic challenges: the //Khara Hais Municipality,1 ¹The // spelling represents the click consonant in the Kxoe language that the name comes from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki///Khara_Hais_Local_Municipality * Brendon Solik is now a Consultant at Environmental Resources Management (ERM), Johannesburg, South AfricaView all notes a semi-desert area in the Northern Cape Province plagued by droughts and severe weather events, and the George Municipality, an area in the Western Cape Province plagued by droughts, the rising sea level and flash floods. It was found that despite South African laws and regulations requiring local government to take action to reduce the risk of disasters, planning for climate change is still no more than sophisticated rhetoric in the two municipalities. This lack of urgency can be ascribed to local municipalities having other more pressing developmental priorities. It would, however, be short-sighted of municipalities not to plan for climate change, as major setbacks in hard-won economic and social development follow a disaster.     

我国农村承包地流转制度变迁解读——基于新制度经济学的视角分析

制度变迁的过程是一种效益更高的制度对另一种制度的替代过程,其目的是使外在的潜在利润内部化。随着改革开放的深入,家庭承包责任制的边际效益和边际效率均逐渐递减,农民在潜在外部利润和获利机会下自发倡导、组织和实行承包地流转,实行诱致性制度变迁。但这种承包地流转制度极不规范,没有一定的制度规则可循。虽然制度变迁是制度主体为实现利益最大化而进行的社会博弈过程,但在我国工业化和城市化同时快速发展时期,政府尤其是中央政府在承包地流转发展完善期间应居于主导地位,从农业发展和国民经济的整体目标决定制度供给的方向、形式、进程及战略安排。     

六西格玛与多元线性回归模型在烟丝含水率设计中的应用

在烟草制丝线生产过程中存在参数变异,为稳定生产流程,针对烘丝工序含水率的控制,论文应用六西格玛管理中的DMAIC理论和Minitab统计分析软件,对制丝生产过程数据进行了统计分析,建立了各牌号烟丝的烘丝出口含水率多元线性回归模型。通过引入含水率变化率这一概念,刻画了过程变量与烘丝含水率控制之间的相关性,确定了各牌号烟丝烘丝出口含水率的设计值,以满足各牌号成品烟丝含水率的需要,达到提升成品烟丝含水率合格率的目的。     

公众参与与行风测评有效性——基于被评组织感知的探索性研究

文章采用内容分析法考察A市行风测评中公众参与的状况,并基于被评组织的感知运用结构方程模型研究公众参与对行风测评有效性的影响。研究表明,A市行风测评中公众参与处于从强化公众对政策理解状态向促进公众与公共管理者伙伴关系建立状态发展的阶段,但被评组织对公众参与的态度存在一定差异;被评组织对公众参与的态度会直接影响其对测评结果质量的感知,并间接影响对测评结果使用和测评效果的感知。因此,政府绩效评价工作中保持被评组织对公众参与的积极态度,对增强被评组织对行风测评有效性的正面认识和对行风测评的认同感有重要意义。同时,由于目前被评组织对公众参与态度不一,政府绩效评价中引入和强化公众参与需谨慎并注意其渐进性。     

Reaping the Economic Benefits of Decarbonization for China

Chinaneeds to reduce its carbon emissions if global climate change mitigation is to succeed. Conventional economic analysis views cutting emissions as a cost, creating a collective action problem. However, decarbonization can improve productivity andprovide co-benefits that accord with multiple national policy objectives. We track China ＇ s progress in reducing the emissions intensity of the economy, and construct a macro scenario with China＇s carbon emissions peaking in the 2020s. Investment in greater energy productivity and economic restructuring away from heavy industries can bring productivity gains, and decarbonization of energy supply has important co-benefits for airpollution and energy security. Combined with lower climate change risks and the likelihood thai China＇s actions will influence other countries, this suggests that cutting carbon emissions is not only in China＇s self-interest but also in the global interest. To properly identify the true costs and benefits of climate change action requires new thinking in economic analysis.     

Evidence of short-term household change in South Africa from the National Income Dynamics Study

We use longitudinal data from the National Income Dynamics Study to document the extent of recent short-term residential and household compositional change in South Africa. We analyse the demographic correlates of these transitions, including population group, age, urban/rural status, and income. We examine educational and labour-market transitions among movers and the prevalence of the four major types of compositional change – births, addition of joiners, deaths, and loss of leavers. We find that short-term household change is prevalent in South Africa. During a two-year period from 2008 to 2010, 10.5% of South Africans moved residence and 61.3% experienced change in household composition. We find that moving is more common among blacks and whites, very young children, young adults, urban individuals, and those with higher incomes. Among non-movers, compositional change is more likely for blacks and coloureds, young adults and children, females, urban individuals, and individuals with lower incomes.     

我国碳减排的定量评估

作为全球第一大碳排放国和第二大经济体,我国正承受着越来越大的碳减排压力。在世界各国都参与应对气候变化的进程中,我国的最优碳减排幅度是怎样的呢？本文在Nordhaus的RICE-2010模型基础上,通过将化石能源的消耗内生于经济系统模块,改良出RICE-E模型。数值计算表明,从2005至2095年,我国需实现完全碳减排,相应的碳税水平从每吨碳排放68．7元（2010年价）提高到接近2000元。这个力度在世界各大国中并不是最激进的,位处俄罗斯和美国之后,与欧盟、拉美为同一档次,但强于日本和印度。在此碳减排进程下,我国碳排放量由升转降的时间拐点出现在2055年左右。