从次贷危机成因警惕我国房地产业发展的风险——基于明斯基的金融不稳定理论视角

次贷危机后,人们开始重新审视房地产业的健康发展对于整个国民经济的重要作用.基于明斯基的金融不稳定理论视角,运用明斯基模型解释次贷危机爆发的根源和发展的线路,认为美国房地产经济经历了“正向冲击速发展”“非理性繁荣”“负面冲击”阶段,最终导致危机爆发.我国的房地产业起步较晚,但发展迅猛,房地产泡沫的出现警示我们要警惕房地产经济的明斯基周期.因此,应善用政府干预这一看得见的手管理房地产市场,加强经济政策之间的协调,加快推动住房按揭贷款证券化,以防范中国房地产金融风险.     

主房反向抵押贷款支持老年人收入拓展

在当前全球人口老龄化趋势下,如何解决由此产生的老龄人口退休收入短缺及财政困境成为各国学者及政策制定者关注的热点。住房反向抵押贷款作为拓展老年人退休收入的一种金融创新手段,在欧美市场已经发展成为一种成熟的金融工具。随着9月国务院提出“开展老年人住房反向抵押养老保险试点”,“反向抵押贷款”模式的“以房养老”再次进入公众视野,成为当前公共政策研究热点,并引发了民众关于“政府在养老体系中责任”的大辩论。本文以此为契机,通过已有的文献构建反向抵押贷款理论框架,讨论反向抵押贷款的优缺点、风险及影响反向抵押贷款市场的相关变量,系统还原这一金融工具的运行机制,消除公众对其的误解并结合这·理论框架探讨‘‘反向抵押贷款’雀本土化过程中存在的困境。本文认为,在中国,遗产赠予动机是老年住房自有者在当前住房市场下为实现整个家庭代际福利最大化做出的“理性选择”;‘饭．向抵押贷款”中贷款金融机构面临的风险高于借款人,老年人实现住房资产的流动性是以牺牲贷款金融机构现金流动性为代价的。因此,未来需要探讨的是,政府在推进的过程中如何降低各方风险,减少未知不确定J}生风险的问题。     

我国经济的滞胀预期——国际收支角度的分析

导致经济滞胀的原因包括内因、外因多个方面。本文旨在从国际收支的角度来分析我国当前经济的增长态势和物价水平,指出随着我国经济逐渐融入世界经济,与国际市场的一体化程度提高,在美国次贷危机以及我国长期"双顺差"等因素的影响下,我国的经济运行已显露出一些"滞胀"迹象,并且存在着较强的滞胀预期。     

A Reconsideration of the Jumbo/Non-Jumbo Mortgage Rate Differential

Consistent with a series of recent papers, the interest-rate differential between mortgages eligible for purchase based on loan size by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and larger loans is estimated to be 22 basis points over the 1986–2000 period. This differential averaged 19 basis points for the 1996–2000 period. Other significant effects include: loans slightly above the conforming loan limit and originated late in a calendar year often have a lower rate that nearly fully anticipates their likely characterization as a non-jumbo loan after the conforming loan limit is indexed effective each January; loan-to-value ratios affect jumbo loan rates much more than they affect non-jumbo loan rates; loans located in non-metropolitan areas have a 3 basis point differential versus loans in metropolitan areas that is surprisingly small given the likely higher cost to service non-metropolitan loans and the higher degree of uncertainty about non-metropolitan collateral values; and estimated regional mortgage rate differentials have narrowed through time.     

Adjustable-rate mortgages,household mobility,and homeownership: A simulation study

A semi-Markov model is used to evaluate the effects of adjustable-rate mortgages on housing tenure decisions of recent movers and steady-state homeownership rates. Simulations were undertaken based on household data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics together with information on FRM-ARM rate spreads and Treasury yield curves. Results suggest that under most interest rate patterns that prevailed in the 1980s, ARMS had little effect on the relative cost of owning to renting and, as a result, had little effect on mover tenure choice and home sales. Moreover, despite some minor projected increase in the percentage of movers that choose to own when ARMs are available, ARM effects on steady-state owner-occupancy rates appear to be largely mitigated by an ARM-induced tilt toward a relatively more mobile steady-state pool of owner-occupiers.     

商业银行抵押贷款问题调查

抵押是商业银行重要的信用风险缓释技术之一。本报告分析了本轮经济增长中抵押贷款的增长趋势及其风险,比较了国内13家金融机构内部有关抵押的管理制度以及各监管当局现行的抵押监管要求和香港金融管理局抵押品监管指引,指出商业银行要根据抵押资产价格走势调整抵押率、准确定价、充足拨备,避免经营的剧烈起伏。监管当局也要加强经济景气分析和有关抵押资产价格走势分析,对抵押率进行监测,并制定有关抵押问题的监管指引。     

Determinants of the ARM share of national and regional lending

We model the ARM share of mortgage lending and provide several unique contributions to the mortgage choice literature. First, we motivate the use of the price spread between fixed- and adjustable-rate credit as a regressor by constraining the effect of FRM and ARM prices to be symmetric and show that the data support this restriction. Second, our data span a far longer time period (six years) than previous research. Third, we estimate separate share equations by region, allowing us to contrast geographic variation in ARM shares. Fourth, we examine the effect of convertible ARMs—which became prevalent in mid-1987—on overall ARM lending.     

农村土地经营权抵押贷款实践探索：一个文献综述

农村土地经营权抵押货款是我国农村土地制度改革与创新所面临的一个新课题,具有重要的理论与实践意义.在梳理国内、外文献的基础上,对有关开展农村土地经营权抵押货款业务的必要性、可行性、制约因素等方面最新研究进展进行归纳总结后提出建议：应进一步明确农村土地产权,开展农村土地经营权抵押贷款试点,完善土地经营权抵押贷款相关制度.     

美国次贷危机对我国资产证券化路径的影响分析

随着2007年美国爆发的次贷危机不断深入,次贷危机已经升级为全球范围内的一场金融海啸。这场危机原本只是发端于美国的住房信贷市场,但其影响和范围却借助了资产证券化产品,辐射到全世界。资产证券化成为了产生蝴蝶效应的传导器和助推机。同时次贷危机已对我国资本市场和实体经济都产生了巨大的冲击,更对我国不断探索和推进的资产证券化进程产生了一定的影响。可以说次贷危机短期内必定会对我国的资产证券化形成一定的滞缓因素,但是,危机同时也对我国资产证券化进程带来积极的影响,从经验上、制度环境上以及人才引进上都是很大的推动因素。因此,我们不能因噎废食,更要积极抓住历史机遇,推动我国资产证券化进程的健康发展。     

美国次级债危机对我国金融业发展的启示

近来,美国次级债风波使美国的金融体系遭受重创,并已蔓延为全球性的金融危机,对全球金融业呈现的金融自由化、金融工程化、资产证券化、金融全球化等诸多发展趋势将产生深远的影响,给我国金融业发展提供了深刻启示。