关于山区变电站接地改造工程设计的探讨

文章通过对某变电站接地电阻偏高的原因进行探讨,并对山区变电站在接地上普遍存在的土壤电阻率高、可用场地小、地势险峻、地形复杂等困难因素进行了分析。依据典型变电站在接地改造中取得的成功经验,提出了利用深井接地、电解离子接地体,并添加长效降阻剂降阻等复合降阻措施对山区变电站进行接地设计和降阻改造的方法。     

国外综合型旅游度假区研究进展

回顾了近三十年来国外综合型旅游度假区主要研究成果,包括综合型度假区的内涵、政治经济特征、度假区开发管理及度假区形态规划。研究发现,国外绝大多数成果出现在上世纪90年代中期以前,近十年来相关研究进展缓慢。已有研究侧重于探讨综合型旅游度假区的开发规律及其社会经济影响,研究结论对于总结和反思我国度假区开发的经验教训有启示意义。未来国内相关研究可在两个层面上展开和深化:一是基于国内大型度假区案例的本土化研究,二是国内经济发达地区蓬勃发展的中小综合型度假区相关研究。     

山区村镇体系发展规划影响要素分析*——以河北省平山县为例

［目的］探究山区村镇体系发展规划影响要素,将为区域村镇建设规划的制定提供理论参考,对加快新农村建设步伐具有重要的实际意义。［方法］以河北省平山县为实例,从自然因素、经济因素和社会因素3个层面共选取20个影响村镇体系发展规划的因素,邀请相关领域专家对这些因素进行重要性评价,并采用层次分析法确定各影响因素所占权重。［结果］对各影响因素权重进行排序,排名前五位的因素依次为人均生产总值、政府的扶持力度、原有生产布局、灾害发育程度和交通通达性,所占权重分别为0200 0、0150 0、0100 0、0079 6和0074 6。这些因素对平山县村镇规划影响较大,是该县规划中需要重点考虑的因素。［结论］该县今后应继续提升地区经济实力,加强政府的扶持力度。在规划中,避免打破原有生产布局,做好灾害勘测,关注交通的通达性,加强对村镇建设的统筹规划,明确发展定位和布局。     

西南民族地区旅游扶贫绩效评价研究——以重庆武陵山片区为调查对象

[目的]以重庆武陵山片区为调查对象,依据当地贫困人口抽样调查数据定量分析其旅游扶贫的经济、社会、环境绩效,以客观评价西南民族地区旅游扶贫开发取得的成效。[方法]采用调查分析法、统计分析法,利用长江师范学院"西南民族地区旅游扶贫"课题组在重庆武陵山片区所获得的抽样调查数据,对西南民族地区的旅游扶贫绩效进行定量评价。[结果]有超过85%的受访者表示旅游扶贫促进了当地农产品的销售,65%的受访者认为加快了脱贫致富和带来了新的思想观念,有超过90%的受访者认为基础设施得到改善,近80%的受访者表示环境卫生得到改善。但是,也有50%的受访者认为存在飞地效应,有超过70%的受访者认为造成生活成本上升,有超过80%的受访者认为拉大了贫富差距。[结论]旅游扶贫对增加西南民族地区贫困农户收入有显著效应,生活及卫生环境得以较大改善,但也存在生活成本上升、飞地效应及贫富差距拉大等负面效应。     

西北半干旱山区基于果园的循环型复合生态农业系统化设计与实践

我国的生态农业自20世纪80年代开始,已有了近30年的发展史,虽然取得了重大的成果,但从生态农业的实际效果来看,仍然处于发展阶段,需要持续研究与推动。我国西北半干旱区是温带水果的重要生产基地,果树占地面积大、占农业产业的比重大,基于果业的生态农业建设成效直接影响着农业的综合效益,从果业现状来看,生态农业多为"点"状工作,仍缺乏"面"状地域性的规范化、系统化设计,也存在配套技术方案的缺失现象。为了改变果业生态农业的现状,形成系统化的解决方案,以甘肃天水地区果业为研究对象,综合运用系统分析法、比较研究法、实证法等研究方法,优化形成了适宜于西北半干旱区生态果业发展的区域化指导模式——基于果树生产的六大系统循环型复合生态农业模式,以村(社区)为主要规划范围,通过产业链将基础工程系统、水资源系统、果园生产系统、养殖系统、加工系统、服务业系统有机结合,实现农村环境与城镇环境的物能双向流动;通过各系统的技术与规范控制,使产品安全、优质,达到生态、经济、社会效益的统一。在此基础上,试点形成了几种适合于农户、合作社、社区组织运行的典型经营模式,取得了良好的效益,可为同类地区果树产业领域生态农业进一步发展提供指导。     

北京山区区县土地利用结构定量分析 及农业产业布局研究

基于北京山区7个区县的土地利用详查和变更数据,并利用该区2007年土地利用现状图,运用多样化指数、集中化指数以及组合类型对区域内的土地利用数量结构进行定量分析,利用空间洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数,对土地利用的空间结构进行定量描述,区域地形地貌是土地利用结构形成的自然基础,根据定量、定性分析结果,并结合区域景观格局分析,在北京山区区县规划布局了山前城镇农业发展区、山前平原农田区、山前林果带和生态农业区,以实现北京山区在全市的功能定位。     

贫困山区新型农村合作医疗长效筹资机制创新探析——以青海省为例

新型农村合作医疗筹资是新型农村合作医疗制度运行的关键。构建贫困山区因地制宜的长效筹资机制有利于贫困山区新型农村合作医疗制度的可持续运行。通过对青海省都兰县新型农村合作医疗筹资机制的考察分析,提出了贫困山区新型农村合作医疗长效筹资机制创新的启示与建议。     

The Development and Management of Beach Resorts: Boracay Island,The Philippines

This paper deals with questions of beach resort development processes and their management. Issues are discussed within the context of Boracay Island in the Philippines, which is a popular destination, but one that is at risk from uncontrolled growth. The framework for the analysis is an existing model, and comparisons between it and the case reveal similarities and divergences. Findings suggest the unique qualities of individual resorts arising from local and national circumstances, but indicate more general patterns and attendant challenges that have a wider applicability. Development models are also seen to be useful, despite their limitations.     

Exploring the tourist destination as a mosaic: The alternative lifecycles of the seaside amusement arcade sector in Britain

One criticism of the tourism area lifecycle model is that it treats destinations as homogeneous entities. Instead destinations can be conceptualised as a mosaic of elements, each of which can follow a lifecycle that is different from that of the destination overall. This paper examines this issue with reference to amusement arcades in British seaside resorts and triangulates secondary sources and in-depth interviews to examine the historical evolution of this sector. It argues that the arcade sector has followed a lifecycle trajectory that is independent of the resorts in which they are located. A range of internal/external factors and global, national and local influences have affected the lifecycle of the arcade sector, including global developments in the entertainment industries; the influence of state policies and legislation; and the responses of local entrepreneurs to resort restructuring. The paper ends by arguing that destinations can be conceptualised as 'assemblages' of interacting elements.     

Importance of early snowfall for Swedish ski resorts: Evidence based on monthly data

Since the early 1970s, Sweden has experienced an almost uninterrupted surge in demand for downhill skiing. However, from the 2009/2010 season, lift ticket sales have stagnated. With the use of monthly data, this study investigates the role of snow depth and economic factors in the demand for downhill skiing in Sweden. The empirical approach is based on a seemingly unrelated regression model, allowing snow conditions, but not economic factors to differ during the season. The estimates show that an early season increase in natural snow depth by 10 cm raises the growth rate of lift ticket sales by 9 percentage points in the same period. Further, the results indicate that downhill skiing is characterised by low income and price elasticities, implying weak impacts on demand for such changes. The price increase of lift tickets exceeds that of the inflation rate. The recent decline in demand might indicate changed leisure preferences.