Modeling corner solutions with panel data: Application to the industrial energy demand in France

This paper provides an empirical application of Lee and Pitts (1986) approach to the problem of corner solutions in the case of panel data. This model deals with corner solutions in a manner consistent with the firm behavior theory while controlling for unobserved heterogeneity. In this model, energy demand at industrial plant level is the result of a discrete choice of the type of the energy to be consumed and a continuous choice that defines the level of demand. The econometric model is, essentially, an endogenous switching regime model which requires the evaluation of multivariate probability integrals. We estimate the random effect model by maximum likelihood using a panel of industrial French plants from the paper and pulp industry. We calculate empirical price elasticities of energy demand from the model. We also study the effects on energy demand of an environmental policy aimed at reducing CO₂ emissions. The authors are grateful to the Institut Français de eEnergie for its financial support and to the SESSI for providing the data. We would like to thank two anonymous referees for useful comments and suggestions. the usual disclaimer applies.     

Bid Design Effects in Multiple Bounded Discrete Choice Contingent Valuation

A potential concern in multiple bounded discrete choice contingent valuation surveys – where the respondent is asked to express voting certainty, rather than a simple yes or no, on a large number of payment amounts (bids) – is whether responses are influenced by the particular position of bids in the bid-voting panel rather than solely on the respondents willingness to pay (WTP). For instance, respondents may systematically state they would pay the first few bid amounts and not pay all subsequent bids – regardless of the actual dollar values. Such systematic bid design effects would suggest that this method does not provide a valid measure of WTP. Using a split-sample survey, we compare responses to three different bid arrays that have an identical minimum bid, maximum bid, and number of bids. Using nonparametric estimation techniques, we find that estimated WTP distributions and corresponding welfare measures are not statistically different across survey samples.     

Endogenous monetary policy and the liquidity effect

We compare the transmission mechanism of exogenous and endogenous monetary policies in a calibrated small open economy model with nominal and real rigidities. Under an exogenous monetary policy rule it takes implausible values of the intertemporal elasticity of substitution and the price adjustment costs to generate the liquidity and overshooting effects. Endogenous rules with strong feedback to inflation and output help to reproduce the response of the nominal interest and exchange rates to unanticipated monetary policy shocks that characterize the transmission mechanism of standard sticky price models. The liquidty and overshooting effects are always obtained when the model is augmented with a Taylor interest rate rule.JEL Classification: E32, E43Javier Andrés acknowledges support of CICYT grant SEC2002-0026. We thank the comments of two anonymous referees and the editor, Jordi Caballé, to an earlier version of the paper. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not represent the view of the Banco de España.     

积极财政政策实施的背景、成效与现实对策

积极的财政政策，是我国在特定情况下实行的一种特殊的财政政策。5年多来，这一政策对扩大消费需求，拉动经济增长，发挥了不可替代的作用。在当前形势下，积极的财政政策还不能轻易淡出，未来2-3年内仍要继续实施。要采取相应的对策，以保证新一轮的积极的财政政策能够得到继续实施。     

对我国居民储蓄超常增长的理性思考

截止到2003年9月末,我国城乡居民储蓄首次突破10万亿元,出现储蓄超常增长现象,引起人们关注.本文分别从不同角度和侧面分析了储蓄超常增长现象的主要特点,指出了储蓄超常增长的主要原因,透视了储蓄超常增长带来的正负效应.     

积极财政政策的成效与对策

积极的财政政策，是我国在特定情况下实行的一种特殊的财政政策。5年多来，这一政策，对扩大消费需求，拉动经济增长，发挥了不可替代的作用。在当前形势下，积极的财政政策还不能轻易漆出，未来2—3年内仍要继续实施。要采取相应的对策，以保证新一轮的积极的财政政策能够得到继续有效的实施。     

非对称冲击下的货币政策协调：一个斯塔克尔伯格模型

本文在非对称性冲击的假定下，研究了货币政策协调的斯塔克尔伯格博弈。对模型的斯塔克尔伯格均衡解的分析表明，非对称冲击对货币政策协调的政策效果有着不确定影响。在货币政策协调领域，由于冲击性质的改变，斯塔克尔伯格博弈中领导者的“先发优势”和“先动策略”并不能保证其从货币政策协调中获取确定的政策收益。     

试析我国汇率制度的选择

1994年的外汇管理体制改革取得了很大的成绩，但在实践中也暴露了许多缺陷。本首先分析了现行外汇管理体制的缺陷，接着分析了汇率制度选择的依据和我国的汇率制度改革方向－－爬行的带状汇率制，最后提出了几项汇率制度改革的配套制度安排。     

公路收费模型及其福利效应分析

文章对公路收费问题进行了分析,探讨了不同道路状况下的收费模式,建立了相关数学模型,重点分析了道路拥挤条件下的拥挤成本模型,对不同道路收费模式的福利情况进行了经济学分析。     

浅析会计核算实务与《企业会计制度》

随着中国加入“WTO”和经济全球化,我国的会计制度已逐步向国际会计惯例靠拢,新的《企业会计制度》也使我国的企业会计系统能够更加有效的运行。但在会计核算实务中,“新制度”的一些实务操作问题也日益显露,如:现金溢余的会计处理;企业进项税额的处理;成本法下冲减长期股权投资的处理;有关旧固定资产若干问题的处理。本文就上述问题谈谈自己的一些看法和建议。