基于扩展计划行为理论的乡村旅游经营者从众行为研究——西安市上王村实证

乡村旅游是实现巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接的重要路径选择。乡村旅游经营者的从众行为能够促进旅游地的规范化与规模化发展,但一味地盲从也必然会给旅游地造成不可挽回的损失,理性对待乡村旅游经营者的从众行为对旅游地的可持续发展意义深远。本文基于扩展的计划行为理论基本框架,引入精英影响感知和模糊情境感知两个变量,对乡村旅游经营者从众行为意向的影响因素进行实证研究,并构建乡村旅游经营者从众行为形成机制的理论模型。研究发现,行为态度、指令性规范、知觉行为控制、精英影响感知和模糊情境感知与从众行为意向呈显著正相关关系。另外,乡村旅游经营者的受教育水平对从众行为意向存在显著影响,且呈现受教育水平越高从众行为意向越低的趋势。为了进一步发展乡村旅游,助推乡村振兴,建议提升乡村旅游经营者的经营能力;发挥乡村旅游精英的信息传递与示范带动作用;落实政府的引导与监管职能;防范政府决策层的盲从行为。     

A comparison of local and non-local visitor information-seeking behavior by visitors to civil war-related US National Park Service sites

Although previous research has documented differences between local and non-local visitors, the differences in the information sources referenced when planning trips have not been assessed in published studies. Differences in the sources used by local and non-local visitors to National Park Service Civil War conflict sites were examined, as were differences in ages and visitation characteristics. Although the vast majority of respondents had gathered information about the sites prior to visiting, differences existed in the type of sources used in general, sources used by locals as opposed to non-locals and sources used by visitors of different ages. Locals were more likely to be younger and to use past experience and the advice of acquaintances, whereas non-locals were more likely to be older and use impersonal sources. The results from this study can be used to target certain geographic or demographic populations with site information.     

经营者侵权补充责任的若干问题

经营者侵权补充责任的构成要件应以经营者具有合法的经营资格及经营活动为前提条件。经营者是否承担安全保障义务应具体衡量其与当事人之间的关系,不能以确定的场所来规范经营者的责任范围。过错推定不应是经营者侵权补充责任的归责原则。     

乡村旅游低碳化发展影响因素分析——基于北京市300户乡村旅游经营者的调查

本研究构建了乡村旅游经营者实施旅游低碳化发展决策的理论模型,并通过对北京市10个郊区县乡村旅游经营者的实地调研数据,采用有序logistic模型,探析了乡村旅游低碳化发展的影响因素。研究认为,经营者的受教育水平、家庭收入水平等个体因素,其对乡村旅游前景预期和乡村旅游低碳化发展对经济可持续发展的影响等经营信息诉求动机因素,以及大众媒体、政府渠道、企业宣传推广和亲朋好友等传播渠道因素,显著影响经营者实施低碳乡村旅游的意愿。     

非局部群稀疏表示的图像去噪模型

针对图像的非局部稀疏表示忽略图像中结构相似信息的缺点,将群稀疏表示引入到图像的最优滤波中,提出了一种有效去除图像高斯噪声的非局部群稀疏表示模型。该模型首先选择图像非局部相似块构建相似矩阵,在群稀疏限制下对相似矩阵进行正交分解得到正交矩阵;在已知噪声服从高斯分布的情况下,再通过求得的正交矩阵结合贝叶斯最小均方误差准则实现对特征矩阵的最优估计;最后通过正交矩阵与特征矩阵重构去噪后的图像。实验对比证明,所提的非局部群稀疏表示的图像去噪模型在去除噪声的同时更好地保留了图像的结构信息,获得了更好的主客观评价指标,去噪的峰值信噪比提高1 dB以上。     

Perceptions of surfing tourism operators regarding sustainable tourism development in the Mentawai Islands,Indonesia

Surfing tourism has the potential to provide significant economic income and employment opportunities. However, the development of surfing tourism in the Mentawai Islands, Indonesia, has raised important questions regarding its impacts and sustainability. Economic leakages, increased pressure on the environment and resources, and adverse effects on local communities have been shown as the major barriers to sustainable development. This article provides insights into how surfing tourism operators perceive the development and impacts of the Mentawai Islands surfing tourism industry. This research project uses an interpretive qualitative approach and follows a case study methodology utilising semi-structured interviews with resort and charter boat surfing tourism operators. The study also investigated possible future directions for creating a more sustainable surfing tourism industry in the Mentawai Islands. Findings from the research showed that charter boat operators and resort operators had differing views as to how surfing tourism had developed: resort operators believed it to be sustainable, while charter boat operators felt it was unsustainable. A key finding of this study was that operators felt that surfing tourism had dramatically altered the traditional Mentawai village of Katiet and was producing adverse socio-cultural impacts on the local community. It is recommended that future research explore the issue of the impacts of surfing tourism development on other remote locations in Indonesia and other surfing tourism destinations around the globe.     

基于顾客让渡价值的异地品牌消费经济价值分析

在品牌消费市场存在着本地和异地二元市场的情况下,企业因发展需要会不断寻求顾客让渡价值与企业让渡价值的均衡值。企业的发展行为会改变产业的市场格局和竞争状态,进而影响市场价格的波动。当激烈的市场竞争造成企业让渡价值小于零的情况时,通过分析和认识品牌消费价值的组成,企业可以通过品牌价值交换平台来分别评估和出让各自的异地市场,以本地消费市场的扩大来变相实现异地品牌消费市场的价值,从而实现顾客让渡价值与企业让渡价值的再均衡。     

Expanding the destination image: wine tourism in the Canary Islands

Tourism to the Canary Islands is centred around competitively priced holidays focused on the sun and beach mass tourism experience. A restructure of the islands' wine industry offers opportunities for developing new tourism alternatives based on gourmet products and traditional landscapes. This paper examines the potential of wine tourism from winery operators' perspectives. Challenges to overcome in the development of a successful sustainable local wine tourism industry include the need for expansion of the destination image to reflect the region's wine‐making history and scenic qualities; a shift towards independent high‐yield travellers; and reintroducing local produce in the mass tourism product. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Competition in Marketing： Survival Yardstick for Small and Medium Enterprises （SMEs） in Nigeria

The topic investigated competition in marketing as a survival yardstick for small and medium enterprises （SMEs） in Nigeria. The objectives addressed by this study were： （1） identifying different types and intensity of competition that SMEs are exposed to along the life-cycle portfolio in Nigeria; （2） quantifying the strength of SMEs vis-a-vis some foreign enterprises in terms of market competition; and （3） proffering solutions on how best they could match competitively these foreign enterprises. Relevant models and theories were employed in literature to evolve detailed analysis of issues relating to the variables used in terms of competition in marketing and survival of juice-producing SMEs. Two hypotheses were investigated through the survey of 20 prominent Ikeja based SMEs using Cluster sampling, 5-points Likert summated rating scale was adopted, while Yard＇s formula with 95% confidence level and 5% error tolerance was used. Alternative form validity of the instrument was measured at 0.63 while its reliability was measured at Cronbach＇s alpha of 0.70. Pearson＇s product-moment correlation was used in testing hypothesis 1 while standard multiple regressions were used to test hypothesis 2. Findings revealed that there was strong relationship between survival of juice-producing SMEs with forms of competition on a firm＇s life-cycle; while competition had positive effects on survival components for the enterprises. It was concluded that since competition subsists in any firm＇s life-cycle, strategies to support operations for survival must be adopted. It was recommended that operators of SMEs have to monitor and manage competition as it affects their businesses positively and/or negatively.     

论我国食品生产经营者的道德底线与法律底线

食品安全问题关乎人们的生命与健康,是一个重大的民生问题。近年来,我国在食品安全法律制度建设与立法方面虽有改观,但食品安全事故仍频发,这主要是由于少数食品生产经营者无视道德底线和法律底线造成的。分析导致食品生产经营者突破道德底线与法律底线的原因,确保他们不逾越道德底线和法律底线,是党和政府必须直视和解决的紧要问题。