物联网及其在钢铁企业的应用

作为一个热点技术,物联网受到了越来越多的关注,具有广阔的应用前景。文章对物联网的基本概念和关键技术进行了综述,并结合钢铁行业的背景,分析了物联网在钢铁行业应用的可行性和必要性,给出了在钢铁企业的生产过程管理、智能物流、设备监测等具体的应用领域。     

Innovation and the market share of private labels

Abstract

This study investigates national brand manufacturers' innovations, and analyses the relationship between innovation and the market share of private labels in the consumer packaged-goods industry. The data for this study come from two extensive databases that cover 142 product categories during 2004–2006. According to logistic regression methods adapted to the resource allocation context, manufacturers' innovation strategy has a negative impact of the market share of private labels in two specific market conditions. Managers therefore must design a strategy that aligns with the market conditions because an innovation strategy may be effective in some situations, whereas in others a different strategy or combination of strategies may be more appropriate.     

Dimensional analysis of schoolchildren's food label comprehension: a pilot study

This article discusses some weaknesses in current research into young consumers’ abilities to comprehend and successfully manipulate food label information and describes the development of a research project through to an analysis of the pilot phase. The research programme identifies a method of measuring the effectiveness of state education in enabling the next generation of consumers to make informed food choices through the provision of appropriate tools and skills, both of which are necessary to fully understand a label's informational elements within a marketing context. The article also discusses the appropriateness of a quantitative questionnaire to measure the abilities and skills of individuals through the identification of some key comprehension dimensions required by modern food consumers. Finally, the article questions the appropriateness of the context in which information is provided to food consumers. Through a continuing programme of research, it is envisaged that a more appropriate context for certain elements important in the choice of a diet that is relevant to an individual's lifestyle may be proposed.     

红枣的营养保健功能及开发利用研究进展

红枣具有很高的营养价值和保健作用。本文对红枣的营养保健功能及开发利用研究进展进行综述,为红枣的深加工研究开发提供参考。     

改性聚乙烯醇商标胶的研制

以聚乙烯醇为主要成膜物,交联剂A、交联剂B为改性剂,淀粉为助剂,合成一种改性聚乙烯醇商标胶。当交联剂A用量为1.0%～1.5%,交联剂B用量为0.4%～0.6%,淀粉用量为2.0%～3.0%,反应温度为60℃时,制备的改性聚乙烯醇商标胶具有好的粘贴性能,如初粘力强,干燥速度快,耐水性好等,可以满足高速啤酒生产线贴标需要,可以替代酪素胶使用。     

Implementing online store for national brand competing against private label

We propose a game-theoretic model in three contexts. First, only the national brand (NB) is offered through a traditional retailer. Second, the private label (PL) is introduced by the traditional retailer. Finally, the NB's manufacturer opens an online store. We reassess the benefit of introducing the PL and investigate the profitability of implementing an online store. We found that the retailer is not always enjoying the PL's introduction. Also, the manufacturer could benefit from that strategy. The quality differential between the NB and the PL, the PL's potential and the cross-price competitions are all important factors to determine the result of PL's introduction. Hence, the manufacturer opens the online store either to counter the threat of such strategy or to expand his market.     

Influence of Language of Packaging Labels on Consumers’ Buying Preferences

Can packaging labels of three different foreign languages (Korean, Japanese, and English) affect consumers’ preferences? In a month of field experiment involving 203 Chinese undergraduate students, this study used coffee as an experimental product and created a fictitious brand “7 AM COFFEE.” Using analysis of variance (ANOVA) as a statistical tool, the results of the experiment show that the English language represents the strongest effect for (1) consumers’ attention, (2) trust, (3) perceived quality, (4) taste perception, and (5) purchase intention. Moreover, consumers with high or low frequencies of drinking a coffee do not have a specific preference in relations to their attitude. The findings and discussion of this research provide better direction for marketing managers of beverages in establishing market strategies to promote products and generating appeal among coffee drinker.     

Innovation Cloning: The Introduction and Performance of Private Label Innovation Copycats

A controversial trend in grocery is the practice by retailers to quickly copy innovative national brands (NBs) launched by manufacturers with their own private label (PL). In a sample of 1,100+ NB pioneers launched in The Netherlands between 2005 and 2009, 11.7% faced a PL copycat by at least one of the seven leading grocery retailers. These copycats obtained an impressive 5.8% category share at the retailer in the year after launch, thereby outperforming the NB pioneers they copy (2.1%) as well as non-copycat PLs launched in the same period (4.4%). Using a two-step selection model, we identify what motivates retailers to copy NB innovations, and what factors drive subsequent copycat performance, thereby taking into account retailers’ innovation assortment decisions. As expected, retailers are more likely to copy successful NB innovations, and these copycats indeed perform well in their stores. However, retailers do not only take into account financial considerations. They are especially hesitant to copy heavily promoted NB innovations and those launched by manufacturers with a strong reputation. To enhance copycat performance, retailers should keep prices of the copycat sufficiently below those of the NB pioneer and limit its promotions. Apart from guiding retailers in their copycat decisions, also NB manufacturers can learn from this study how to discourage retailers from imitating their innovations.