转型目标、顺序及动力机制:一个文献述评

作为一种大规模制度变迁,转型向学者们提出了许多难题:转型的目标是什么?转型的最优顺序应该怎样?转型的动力机制有哪些?本文对上述问题的相关文献进行了概括,并对已有转型理论进行扩展和深化.     

工程项目全方位动态成本控制

未来激烈的市场竞争注定企业要想生存发展就必须全面提升自己的竞争力,传统的建筑行业也不例外。过去那种单凭施工管理人员经验进行成本控制的做法已经不适合现代新型管理模式了。通过对常见工程项目管理中成本失控原因的分析,总结出了成本控制中应注意的几点问题,最后结合成本控制中容易出现的问题,提出了一种全新的全方位动态成本控制体系。     

Positive and normative judgments implicit in U.S. tax policy,and the costs of unequal growth and recessions

Calculating the welfare implications of changes to economic policy or shocks requires economists to decide on a normative criterion. One approach is to elicit the relevant moral criteria from real-world policy choices, converting a normative decision into a positive inference, as in the recent surge of “inverse-optimum” research. We find that capitalizing on the potential of this approach is not as straightforward as we might hope. We perform the inverse-optimum inference on U.S. tax policy from 1979 through 2010 and argue that the results either undermine the normative relevance of the approach or challenge conventional assumptions upon which economists routinely rely when performing welfare evaluations.     

基于供应风险水平的我国水产品供应链优化模型研究

水产品供应链风险分为市场供需风险、合作风险、供应链结构风险、质量风险和信息风险。本文通过对整个水产品供应网络存在的风险进行分析,以降低供应风险从而最终达到整个水产品供应链优化为目标,利用两阶段优化模型论证了如何选择供应商和决策购买量,并以上海市某水产品批发市场为研究对象进行了实证分析。分析表明,两阶段优化模型在一定程度上为水产品供应链风险度量提供了新的方法,丰富和完善了水产品供应风险管理理论。     

我国农村金融生态优化路经研究

本文在概要介绍金融生态由来、争议及界定农村金融生态概念的基础上,分析探讨了我国农村金融生态的现状及存在问题的根源：体制性路径依赖是农村金融生态优化的瓶颈,农业产业与农村金融参与主体的弱质性是根本制约,而农村金融环境欠佳成为机制运行的障碍。进而提出了农村金融生态优化的路径选择：构建基于完整产权的、需求导向的多元竞争性农村金融体系,通过农民市场竞争力的增强与现代农业发展打造农村金融的客户与产业基础：营造良好环境为农村金融生态机制运行提供保障。     

Innovation and antibiotic use within antibiotic classes: Market incentives and economic instruments

We analyze a monopolist's incentive to innovate a new antibiotic which is connected to the same pool of antibiotic treatment efficacy as is another drug produced by a generic industry. We outline the differences of antibiotic use under market conditions and in the social optimum. A time- and state-dependent tax-subsidy mechanism is proposed to induce the monopolist and generic industry to exploit antibiotic efficacy optimally.     

基于行业差异的企业年金最优个人缴费率研究

借助于两期叠代模型,构建个人效用函数以及政府社会福利函数,测算满足个人生命周期效用最大化和社会福利最大化的最优企业年金个人缴费率.研究表明:全社会最优的年金个人缴费率为6.40％,当前费率水平还有较大提升空间;按各行业最优缴费率征缴年金费用,可以提高年金制度的养老保障程度;把过剩的年金缴费能力转移给个人账户,可以实现帕累托优化效果;给予年金个人缴费5％的税收优惠,可以鼓励和加快年金制度发展.     

EU Membership and FDI: Is There an Endogenous Credibility Effect?

ABSTRACT

The European sovereign debt crisis has increased the uncertainty regarding the benefits and costs of membership in the Economic and Monetary Union. In this article, we decided not to propose a general model but to focus on one of the important components of the European financial integration. In particular, we develop a structural gravity model, influenced by some very recent theoretical and econometric advancements. This new structural gravity approach provides needed theoretical underpinnings as well as strong support for the econometric estimation of gravity models.     

关于提高库存管理水平的思考—以岳进煤矿器材供应站为例

以岳进煤矿器材供应站为例,结合库存控制系统及该煤矿的实际特点,就其库存管理现状进行分析并找出存在的问题,进而从库存管理模式设计、加强物资需求计划管理以及仓储物资管理、完善物资信息管理系统等方面提出提高其库存管理水平的相应策略。     

Optimum allocation in multivariate stratified random sampling: stochastic matrix mathematical programming

The allocation problem for multivariate stratified random sampling as a problem of stochastic matrix integer mathematical programming is considered, minimizing the estimated covariance matrix of estimated means subject to fixed cost or fixed total sample size. With these aims the asymptotic normality of sample covariance matrices for each strata is established. Some alternative approaches are suggested for its solution. An example is solved by applying the proposed techniques.