What do fiscal stimulus packages mean for household debt?

We study the links between fiscal stimulus packages during times of crisis and households' liabilities. We do so by using household-level data on income and liabilities from the Consumer Expenditure Survey, and estimating an empirical model along those in the literature on the consumption effects of these packages. We find that receiving a check from the government tends to translate into a reduction in outstanding liabilities for American households. This effect is robust to controlling for income levels and household size. The effects are driven by households whose income is below the median and by those who remain employed during the crisis.     

Are Household Production Decisions Cooperative? Evidence on Pastoral Migration and Milk Sales from Northern Kenya

Market-based development efforts frequently create opportunities to generate income from goods previously produced and consumed within the household. Production within the household is often characterized by a gender and age division of labor. Market development efforts to improve well-being may lead to unanticipated outcomes if household production decisions are noncooperative. We develop and test models of household decision making to investigate intrahousehold decision making in a nomadic pastoral setting from Kenya. Our results suggest that household decisions are contested, with husbands using migration decisions to resist wives' ability to market milk.     

Questioning Market-Led Agrarian Reform: Experiences from Brazil, Colombia and South Africa

Market-led agrarian reform (MLAR) has been conceptualized out of the pro-market critique of classic state-led agrarian reform. The pro-market model has been implemented in Brazil, Colombia and South Africa, where its proponents have claimed impressive success. But close examination of the empirical evidence puts into question the basic theoretical and policy assumptions and current claims of MLAR proponents. The same model is no more likely to work elsewhere.     

“长治”工程与农村经济发展

分析了农村水利基础设施、坡改梯、沼气池、经济林果等“长治”工程实施对治理区农村经济发展影响；同时分析了“长治”工程实施前后治理区农民生计模式的变化。     

农村劳动力市场发育对农村土地流转的影响分析——基于农户调查的实证研究

利用农户调查数据,运用多元回归模型实证分析了农村劳动力市场发育对农地流转的影响。模型估算结果表明：在表征农村劳动力市场发育程度的四个变量中,工资自主决定程度对农地转出率影响最大,回归系数达到了0.528,即该变量每增加一个单位将会使农地转出率增长52.8%。就业流动自由度对农地转出率的影响也比较大,回归系数为0.423。就业市场服务体系完善程度对农地转出率的影响相对较小,回归系数为0.126。在此基础上,得出相应的政策启示。     

Understanding Society: health,biomarker and genetic data

Understanding Society, the UK Household Longitudinal Study includes a wide range of health measures, and in particular biomarker and genetic data. This makes it a unique resource for research on the economics of health. We review the main features of the biomarker data, how they are collected, and evidence on data quality. We also discuss examples of how these data have been used in economic research to date.     

一户一居：中国农民居住保障补充规范

研究目的:解释并定位《土地管理法》第62条第2款新设的一户一居规则。研究方法:规范解释、文本分析、规则比较等。研究结果:一户一居是农村村民一户拥有一处法定面积的居住空间的保障制度,是政府组织农民集体盘活利用存量宅基地、统一修建住宅并分配给农户的行为规范。一户一居开创了宅基地置换资产、宅基地集体统一利用、居住保障资产与经营性资产相分离、人均公平分配等农民居住保障的新制度和新观念。与《土地管理法》第62条第1款一户一宅规则下的宅基地实物分配不同,一户一居通过存量宅基地的资产化改造和居住保障权益的重新分配实现农民户有所居。研究结论:一户一居适用于无地可分的城中村和城郊村,受地方政府和农民集体财力以及当地市场需求的约束,是一户一宅的补充。     

新一轮退耕还林对农户收入影响的机理研究 ——基于赣南、鄂北农户调查的实证分析

研究目的：新一轮退耕还林补助资金即将到期之际,分析新一轮退耕还林对农户家庭收入的净效应并揭示其内在机制。研究方法：理论上阐述了新一轮退耕还林政策促进农户收入增长的作用机理,基于赣南、鄂北地区农户调查数据,利用倾向得分匹配法进行实证分析。研究结果：（1）无论是否包含退耕补贴,新一轮退耕还林政策对农户收入有正向影响;（2）退耕林种对农户收入的作用机理不同：种植经济林的农户增加了林果业收入和非农经营收入,减少了工资性收入;种植生态林的农户通过提高工资性收入,进而提高总收入水平。研究结论：新一轮退耕还林加快了农户生计转型的进程。政策实施5年后,农户形成与生态环境相适应且稳定的生产方式,为补偿政策的逐步退出创造有利条件,实现了新一轮退耕还林政策的造血功能。     

农地流转、要素配置与农户生产效率变化

研究目的：基于农户收入视角,使用2017年和2019年中国农村家庭调查数据,分析农地流转对农户要素配置及生产效率的影响,以期为推动农户经济高质量发展提供决策参考。研究方法：面板Tobit模型、DEA模型和控制函数法。研究结果：（1）农地转入提高了农户的技术效率,但对分配效率没有明显改进;（2）农地转出抑制了农户的技术效率,提升了农户的分配效率;（3）当经营规模达到13.156亩,农户实际经营规模与技术效率之间出现“倒U”型曲线的拐点;（4）从农业部门来看,农地转入显著提高了农户在传统生产环节使用机械的可能性;从非农部门来看,农地转出对劳动力迁移具有显著的正向促进作用。研究结论：农地流转较为明显地提升了农户主要经营部门的生产效率,但是对于跨部门生产效率提升并不明显。为提高农民收入与农户生产效率,需协同推动农业生产手段改进和劳动力转移规模相适应的农地流转。     

SLA框架下生计资本影响山区农户分化的机理与实证研究以广西山区农户为例

目的 基于可持续生计分析（SLA）框架,对生计资本影响山区农户分化进行深入研究,为职业分化背景下促进农户多渠道创收以及实现山区乡村振兴提供参考。方法 文章运用比较分析法、多值选择模型,以广西山区的540家农户为研究对象,探讨农户职业分化的影响因素。结果 研究结果表明,社会资本有助于纯农户与非农农户向以农为主的兼业农户分化;自然资本丰裕更能吸引农户向纯农户或以农为主的兼业分化;增加金融资本有助于兼业农户专注于农业生产,也促使非农经营主体投身于农业经营;物质资本影响农户向纯农户或以非农为主的兼业农户转变;拥有自身务工经历的农民更易于选择以农为主的兼业形态,对农民进行农业技术培训因提升其农业生产经营能力从而有助于他们投身于农业生产;生计资本影响农户分化的程度因距离中心市场的远近而存在差异。结论 生计资本影响农户向不同类型的职业进行分化,应从鼓励农户兼业化实现收入多元化以及鼓励乡村精英返乡创业的视角,适应不同类型农户分化需要,为调整农户生计资本,维持生计可持续性提供必要的决策支持和政策保障。