基于低碳理念的新农村景观规划研究——以河南省为例

农村传统景观规划没有充分利用生态低碳技术,且在土地利用上忽视了可持续发展战略。文章以河南省为例,分析了新农村规划存在缺少合理有效的生态景观规划及缺乏对自然景观资源的均衡开发等问题;并提出了低碳理念下新农村景观规划及基质与斑块景观规划思路,对基于低碳理念的新农村景观规划展开深入研究。最后该文将低碳理念融入景观规划设计,分别从新农村道路、绿化、照明等3个方面入手,提出道路分级、利用乡土树种进行植物配置、使用新型照明布置模式等新农村景观规划建议,以加快河南省新农村建设进程。     

Land use planning around major risk installations: From EC directives to local regulations in Italy

This paper offers some reflections regarding the application of regional and provincial laws concerning major industrial risks and urban and land use planning, and focuses on their application problems and capabilities with reference to some practical cases. The European Directive “Seveso 2” was implemented in Italy with two national laws, and in Piedmont they were enforced with the “Guidelines for the assessment of industrial risk in land use planning”. According to the Guidelines, the municipalities had to introduce into their urban and land use planning instruments new criteria for the areas around Seveso plants. The application of the Guidelines requires a multidisciplinary approach but local authorities are often not sufficiently prepared for this kind of multilevel analysis, because they do not have the human or economic resources or even the technical abilities necessary to conduct it. As a result, they can underestimate the importance of a correct urban and land planning in the areas around major risk installations.     

Exploring the environmental value of ecosystem services for a river basin through a spatial multicriteria analysis

Environmental quality preservation and nature conservation are complex land use planning problems, involving not only environmental aspects but also socio-economic and operational factors and represent ecosystem services of fundamental importance to human well-being, for health, livelihoods and survival. The present paper proposes a Multicriteria Spatial Decision Support System (MC-SDSS) development for the assessment of the environmental quality of the river basin of the Pellice river in the Province of Turin (Italy) with the objective of increasing awareness of environmental issues in the territorial planning phase. In order to fulfill this goal, the environmental quality issues were divided into two main aspects, “naturalness” and pressures”, which represent the strengths and the weaknesses of the territory. Different criteria were considered for each theme and were integrated into composite maps by a weighted linear combination of factors resulting from a focus group with several experts in different fields. The results of this approach generated a final suitability map of the study area. The map identifies some critical zones that need mitigation measures and highlights areas with high environmental quality which require future specific monitoring procedures and valorization actions. The application was performed by means of the IDRISI software. This paper is based on an integrated approach which facilitates the comprehension of complex phenomena and aims at exploring innovative MCDA models in the field of the environmental quality preservation assessment of territorial transformation.     

基于“反规划”理论视域下的森林公园综合体规划探讨

分析了森林公园综合体产生的动力机制,并与旅游综合体、森林公园在特征上的差异进行了对比。最后,提出将反规划理论引入森林公园综合体的规划中,核心问题是规划生态基础设施、划定基本生态控制线和测算旅游自然环境容量。     

How do centrality,population growth and urban sprawl impact farmland conversion in Norway?

A strong link has been observed between urbanization processes and conversions of farmland to built-up land. Most previous research has addressed such conversion of farmland in relation to the expansion of larger cities. However, broader analysis of both rural and central areas is needed to increase the empirical basis for these claims. Based on GIS analysis of farmland conversions, this paper aims to expand our understanding of how urban sprawl affects conversion of farmland. We find that most farmland in Norway is converted to built-up areas in relation to existing urban settlement areas. In line with population growth, urban areas in the most central municipalities experience the most significant urban sprawl and loss of farmland. Moreover, the remaining farmland is located in the same areas that already have converted the most. These areas also experience significant pressure for continued land take. Assuming current trends continue, future urban sprawl will pose great challenges for the preservation of farmland in land-use planning. New research and policies are required to handle these challenges more effectively.     

农业园区规划编制内容初探

20世纪90年代中期以来,我国农业园区发展迅猛,成效显著.本文主要探讨了农业园区发展历程、现状和存在问题,并阐述了农业园区规划编制方法要点,使农业园区规划有章可循,有据可依,对促进农业园区建设和现代农业发展具有重要意义和深远的影响.     

雾霾天气的城市规划对策研究——以哈尔滨市为例

随着城市大规模开发与发展,自然地貌的改变,建筑密度增加,空气污染、雾霾频发和城市热岛效应加剧等气候问题日益加剧。尤其是近几年雾霾天气频发,人们健康受到极大威胁。如何通过城市规划的手段预防和治理雾霾天气是规划工作新的挑战和要求。本文在分析哈尔滨市雾霾形成原因的基础上,从城市规划的角度,提出哈尔滨市预防和治理雾霾天气的规划措施,以期为市民营造一个健康的呼吸环境。     

基本养老保险全国统筹的依据、阻碍与推进路径

从地区分割走向全国统筹是完善基本养老保险制度的必由之路。实现基础养老金全国统筹是公平原则的体现,也是均衡区域养老负担的理性选择,符合缩小地区养老金待遇差距的要求,客观上有利于促进劳动力自由流动。但是全国统筹面临着区域经济发展不均衡、政府利益非完全一致、央地权责不明确、历史债务分担不合理和省级统筹不彻底等多方面阻碍。建议从提高中央调剂金比例、合理划分央地政府权责、建立激励与约束机制、明确历史债务承担主体和完善省级统筹等方面协调推进,为实现基本养老保险全国统筹的目标破除体制障碍。     

面向“一张图”的国土空间规划数据库研究

研究目的:解决国土空间规划数据库面临的国土空间要素难以快速感测、多源异构大数据难以系统管理、多主体应用诉求难以得到全面支撑等诸多难题。研究方法:系统分析规划管控要素,明确国土空间规划数据库架构;建立"上下联动、横向贯通"的国土空间规划大数据分布式管理模式;通过规则与学习的混合决策,建立未知世界认知模型。研究结果:面向国土空间规划"一张图",建立了要素全面、内容完整、动态适应、实时更新的规划大数据集体系,提出了数据联动贯通、信息无损传输、情势动态推演的国土空间规划大数据云控平台架构。研究结论:规划数据库是推动国土空间规划全生命周期管理和国土空间优化的基础,国土空间规划数据库的有序建设、科学管理和精准应用是实现国土空间治理能力现代化的源泉。     

Protecting our prairies: Research and policy actions for conserving America’s grasslands

Grasslands are among the most endangered ecosystems in the world. They supply vital resources for society, support an abundance of wildlife species, and store rich carbon reserves beneath their surfaces. Despite this, only a fraction of original grasslands in the United States now remains, and their rate of conversion to cropland has recently reaccelerated. This paper discusses opportunities that are immediately available to reduce the loss of U.S. native grasslands (i.e., prairie) and advance toward collective goals in grassland conservation. Potential solution-oriented actions include inventorying and monitoring remaining prairie, reconsidering public and private incentives for conversion and conservation, and establishing an industry-led moratorium on natural ecosystem loss. There is also a need among the engaged communities to develop unified messaging and a shared vision for grassland conservation in the U.S., such as “no prairie conversion” or “zero net loss of grasslands.” Additional tangible steps for action are outlined across the science, policy, and public-driven support arenas and offered for multiple stakeholder groups, including agricultural producers, policymakers, academics, and conservation organizations.