我国农村社会养老保险覆盖率的实证考察与政策建议

基于2003年～2010年相关数据,运用社会养老保险制度覆盖率计算公式,对农村社会养老保险覆盖率从纵向和横向(城乡差异)进行实证比较分析,指出制度模式、农民的收入水平、制度保障水平、城镇社会养老保险的历史债务以及社会养老保险关系转移的便捷性等问题是造成"新农保"覆盖率较低的重要原因,并从加快制度推进、提供多种制度模式、增加农民收入、提高制度保障水平以及以家庭为参保单位等方面,提出了政策建议。     

我国地方政府公共服务支出评价——基于DEA的省际数据比较

对地方政府公共服务的财政支出进行效率评价,可以发现相对地方政府公共服务投入规模可能达到的效率改进目标.DEA评价方法能满足政府部门追求目标的多样性和弹性,政府部门可以通过DEA有效性评价进行横向比较和分析,调整公共服务财政支出的规模和方向.用逻辑分析法初选出评价公共服务支出的指标体系,并对整体评价指标体系进行冗余度和辨识度检测后,采用DEA方法和LINDO软件对我国31个省公共服务支出的效率进行了相对有效性评价.研究表明,其中有17个省的公共服务支出是相对有效的,北京和贵州为弱DEA有效,其余省份为非DEA有效.通过计算投入冗余额、产出不足额并利用投影法计算出这些省份达到DEA有效的投入产出调整值,提出了弱DEA有效和非DEA有效省份效率改进的对策.     

补充货币的理论、实践与启示——基于后危机时代的思考

补充货币作为官方货币的补充形式,具有异于官方货币的独特功能,为应对当前货币危机、失业、老龄化、环境污染等问题提供了有益的思考。文章在回顾补充货币的相关理论的基础上,考察了补充货币在不同时期的实践情况,提出补充货币对解决我国经济和社会问题的重要意义。     

绿色经济发展中政府介入时机与政策选择——基于技术采用均衡时间的比较静态分析

发展绿色经济推进经济转型是实现科学发展的核心。市场自身转型的滞后是影响绿色经济发展的重要因素。转型具有公共物品的性质,公共财政的本质意味着政府介入从而消除滞后的合意性。绿色新技术采用的滞后是造成转型滞后的关键,新技术采用路径的均衡时间受多种因素影响从而滞后的程度也就不同;但均衡时间的比较静态分析结果表明,新技术创新的强度、市场需求、贴现率、技术采用成本、既有生产成本以及企业行为等因素的改变都会影响均衡的采用时间,这些都为政府的介入提供了基础。     

我国实现教育公平的几点思考

我国由计划经济体制向市场经济体制转型过程中,社会财富的分配方式发生了巨大变化,人与人之间在社会财富的占有量和占有方式等方面出现了一定差异,公平遂成为社会财富分配中的突出问题。教育亦是如此,近年来,教育公平引起了人们的极大关注。因此,就教育公平定义、理论研究和教育公平现状进行了相应的论述,并就教育公平的对策谈了设想。     

小空间尺度区域旅游资源及其评价:以香港为例

区域旅游资源及其评价是区域旅游业可持续发展的一项基础工程。文章在讨论"旅游资源"与"旅游发展"之间的关系状况的基础上,定义区域旅游资源的概念。分析并指出将区域旅游资源分成自然旅游资源及人文旅游资源及由此建立的相应的区域旅游资源评价方法(即所谓的"两分评价法"),对小空间尺度的区域旅游资源评价存在着局限性。提出对小空间尺度区域旅游资源进行有效评价的"三分评价法",即将区域旅游资源分成显性旅游资源、隐性旅游资源及辅性旅游资源三大类。小空间尺度区域旅游产业发展类型很多,有如香港、澳门、瑞士达沃斯小镇等等,本文主要以香港为例对小空间尺度区域旅游资源评价作具体讨论。     

Tax structures in developing countries: Many puzzles and a possible explanation

Tax policies seen in developing countries are puzzling on many dimensions, given the sharp contrast between these policies and both those seen in developed countries and those forecast in the optimal tax literature. In this paper, we explore how forecasted policies change if firms can successfully evade taxes by conducting all business in cash, thereby avoiding any use of the financial sector. The forecasted policies are now much closer to those observed.     

Domestic Political Institutions,Diplomatic Style and Trade Agreements: A Comparative Study of China and Japan

Through an analysis of the formation of free trade agreements (FTAs), this article seeks to examine the factors that caused the gap in Japan and China's relationship with Southeast Asia to emerge and expand in the new millennium. In order to address this question, the article focuses on China and Japan's diplomatic styles and domestic political institutions and examines how these two elements influenced negotiations on the formation of FTAs, as well as the evolving perceptions that the Southeast Asian nations have of these two states. The article argues that Japan and China possess different kinds of weaknesses in implementing feasible external policies – a lack of policy decisiveness for Japan and weak policy credibility for China – which have resulted from the operation of domestic political institutions. Given these differences, while China implemented pragmatic diplomacy that helped improve its policy credibility, Japan's bargaining diplomatic style did not serve to rectify its weak policy decisiveness. Such differences in their diplomatic approach have led to the differing influence of these two states on Southeast Asia.     

Limits to government debt sustainability in OECD countries

The recent euro area sovereign debt crisis has shown the importance of market reactions for the sustainability of debt in advanced economies. This paper calculates endogenous government debt limits given the markets assessment of the probability to default. The estimated primary balance reaction function to growing debt has the “fiscal fatigue” property (a loosening fiscal effort makes the primary balance insufficient to support rising debt) at high debt levels. The combination of this feature of the primary balance reaction function with the market interest rate reaction to growing debt determines the government debt limit beyond which debt cannot be rolled over. An application to OECD countries over the period 1985 – 2013 with a model-based risk-premium shows that current debt limits are high for most of the OECD thanks to particularly low risk-free interest rates. It also shows for some countries that current debt levels are not sustainable without a change in government behaviour. Most importantly, the framework illustrates the state contingent nature of debt limits and therefore the vulnerability of governments to a change in macroeconomic conditions and to market reactions. Last, computations with an estimated interest rate reaction to public debt illustrate that debt limits are lower in the euro area than in other countries because of a sharper market interest rate reaction to rising debt.     

山东省能源经济的可持续发展评价

首先评论了能源经济的可持续发展理论以及能源、经济、环境三元发展系统体系;然后构建了以能源利用、环境保护、经济和社会的可持续发展等4个子系统为基础的能源经济可持续发展评估体系,并以此为依据,以3年为一个周期,对山东省能源经济2000-2006年的可持续发展状况进行了纵向评估,并将其与全国的平均情况进行了横向对比;最后根据评估结果给出了调整优化能源结构、转变经济增长方式以提高能源利用效率、实施开发与节能并举的节能优先战略、发展清洁和可再生能源以及建立能源经济预警机制等的对策建议。