Changing Food Consumption of Households in Developing Countries: A Bangladesh Case

Increasing incomes, urbanization, and population growth are transforming developing countries. This structural transformation is changing lifestyles and consequently food consumption and agri-food systems. The present study uses Bangladesh as a case study, a rapidly growing developing economy in South Asia to examine the changing food consumption pattern. Using information from more than 29,000 households, the present study demonstrates that, with the increase in income and urbanization, this traditional rice-consuming country is increasingly consuming more wheat. The changes in the relative consumption in Bangladesh are prominent both in rural and urban areas. The literature often is based on the premise that with increasing income, households switch from staple cereals to high food-value items. The present study highlights the need to also consider within-staple substitution.     

中国特大城市居住分异特征与演化研究:2000-2015

利用五普、六普和2015年全国1%抽样调查数据,计算了北上广深四座特大城市的区位熵、差异指数和多样性指数。研究发现,2000-2015年,我国特大城市流动人口形成近郊集中居住的环状区域,不同户口地类型流动人口分布特征和变化趋势不同。城市流动人口从近郊集中转向远郊扩散,镇流动人口从远郊集中转向郊区分散,农村流动人口从郊区集中转向城市各区域扩散。特大城市流动人口空间分异程度总体呈先加深后减少趋势,城市流动人口融合程度较好,镇的流动人口融合程度一般,农村流动人口融合程度较差;农村流动人口与本地人口的隔离程度最为严重。各特大城市人口多元化程度在15年间普遍上升且趋向一致,特大城市人口多样化指数可能存在0. 7左右的均衡点。     

贸易开放、人口规模与中国地方政府规模：驱动还是补偿*

针对贸易开放、人口规模和中国地方政府规模之间联系究竟是驱动促成还是补偿所致的争论，本文基于中国29个省份1978—2013年三个维度样本数据，首先考察三者之间的关系，研究发现贸易开放对地方政府规模具有正向影响，人口规模对地方政府规模的影响不确定，人口规模对贸易开放存在正向影响。采用多种内生性处理方法的估计表明，贸易开放对地方政府规模的正向影响是因果性的。上述结论在不同的估计方法、数据类型、模型设定下均十分稳健。人口规模并未在贸易开放与中国地方政府规模的正向联系中起到居间驱动作用，贸易开放基于风险补偿机制直接推动了中国地方政府规模的不断膨胀。因此，伴随“一带一路”的有序推进，适度提高地方政府在民生领域的支出规模可能势在必行。     

When trade liberalization is self‐fulfilling: Population aging and uncertainty

Expectation about future trade liberalization induces sectoral adjustment in advance. As a result, the extent of opposition to trade liberalization decreases, and liberalization becomes self‐fulfilling. We analyze this mechanism from two aspects: population aging and uncertainty. Then, we show that (1) the effect of expectation formation is non‐monotonic across ages, and (2) the effect of population aging of workforce varies depending on its driving force. In addition, we analyze uncertainty about future trade liberalization. Then, we show that (3) the mechanism cannot work due to strategic delay even under small uncertainty, but (4) a subsidy scheme can resolve this problem.     

Measuring regional inequality: to weight or not to weight?

Measuring regional inequality: to weight or not to weight? Spatial Economic Analysis. When estimating regional inequality, many economists use inequality indices weighted by regions’ proportion of the national population. Although this approach is widespread, its adequacy has not received attention in the regional science literature. This paper proves that such an approach is conceptually inconsistent, yielding an estimate of interpersonal inequality among the whole population of the country rather than an estimate of regional inequality. Nevertheless, as a measure of interpersonal inequality, such an estimate is very rough (even misleading) and does not always have an intuitive interpretation. Moreover, population-weighted inequality indices do not meet the requirements for an adequate measure of inequality.     

How Important Are Scale Effects for Growth When Knowledge Is a Public Good?

In this paper, by proposing an R&D accumulation law for an economy with an expanding number of firms, I seek to reconcile the following three facts: the positive relationship between the fraction of income allocated to R&D expenditure and growth; the positive relationship between the number of firms and total factor productivity growth; and knowledge as a non‐rival and non‐excludable good. There are scale effects because of the public nature of knowledge, but the economy also grows in the absence of population growth. I find that population growth explains one‐fifth of market income growth but only one‐sixteenth of efficient income growth.     

人口老龄化背景下体育产业与养老产业融合发展分析

面对全球产业融合的发展态势,我国将体育产业与养老产业进行产业融合式发展具有实际意义。人口老龄化的现象日益加重,将相关两个产业进行科学融合不仅能够带动市场经济效益的提升,还能进一步完善我国针对老年人的社会福利体系。根据前瞻性的价值判断,论文将主线立为体育与养老产业的融合发展,并以人口老龄化为问题切入点,分析体育与养老产业融合发展的必要性与可行性,并明确提出了解决产业融合的发展途径以及具体的实施策略。     

大城市人口空间演变及城郊关系演进

国际经验表明,大都市区人口空间演变引发政治、经济、社会重心向郊区转移,并进一步带来城郊关系的调整,从而对大都市区的经济社会发展产生影响。1990年代以来,中国大城市经历了类似的过程,人口空间演变催生了平等、分工、协作的新型城郊关系。     

技术标准竞争的种群生态模型分析

文章将种群生态模型引入技术标准竞争,研究网络效应下二维技术标准之间的竞争可能出现的种种情况,并运用常微分方程理论和稳定性理论,讨论系统的稳定性,分析在不同的参数条件下企业标准竞争所出现的不同结果。     

浅析人口流动与经济增长的关系——基于山东省的实证分析

本文以山东省为例,运用灰色关联度分析方法来研究山东省人口流动与经济增长的关系,发现山东省的人口流动与人均GDP之间有显著的关联性。其中,流入人口对经济的贡献大于流出人口的贡献,流入到城市的人口的贡献大于流入到乡村的人口的贡献水平。