中小学教师职业压力的成因与自我调适

中小学教师承受的职业压力主要来自考试压力、新课改的挑战、工作强度大、角色冲突等几个方面。教师个体的自我调适是缓解压力的关键所在,教师只有合理认知并积极应对,才能变压力为动力,从而提升自身的职业幸福感。     

铁路三线大桥帽梁无支架法施工技术及受力检算

帽梁施工采用无支架法施工相对满堂支架法施工而言,具有施工简便,对地面承载力无要求,节约大量钢管,降低施工成本,缩短工期等优点。文章针对洛湛铁路旺甫1号三线大桥设计出穿心棒无支架法施工帽梁的支撑系统方案,成功地解决了三线大桥因帽梁砼重量大、跨度长而致使常用材料不适合做承托梁的问题,并对支撑系统进行了受力检算。     

The Playful Advantage: How Playfulness Enhances Coping with Stress

Research on playfulness has long focused on children, while the study of its expression in adulthood has only recently been undertaken. This cross-sectional study investigated the interrelationship between playfulness in young adults, perceived stress, and styles of coping with 898 students from three universities. Findings revealed that playful individuals reported lower levels of perceived stress than their less playful counterparts, and more frequently utilized adaptive, stressor-focused coping strategies and were less likely to employ negative, avoidant, and escape-oriented strategies. The results suggested that playfulness serves a strong adaptive function with university students, providing them with specific cognitive resources from which they can manifest effective coping behaviors in the face of stressful situations. Speculation as to the role of playfulness in fostering resilience is encouraged, and further empirical research on the therapeutic benefits of playfulness should be undertaken from a causal perspective.     

论析大体积混凝土的施工温度与裂缝控制

在现代工程中,大体积混凝土的施工技术既复杂又具有严格要求,在整个过程中对施工温度控制具有非常重要的意义。施工中应严格防止混凝土因水泥水化热引起的温度差而产生温度应力裂缝,施工中的裂缝将影响到结构的稳定,在通过实际的住宅项目跟踪观察及通过查阅相关的混凝土施工著作后,对混凝土施工温度,裂缝控制和相关措施进行研究论述。     

“I don’t Care that People don’t Like What I Do” – Business Codes Viewed as Invisible or Visible Restrictions

Research about codes of corporate ethics has hitherto taken a hypothetical, correct meaning of codes for granted. The article problematises the dichotomous categories intrinsic and subjective meanings of codes. I address the question if professionals in finance accept codes of business. The particular mentality of stockbrokers and traders constructs the way they judge restrictions such as company codes of ethics. While neglecting dimensions of ethics beyond known rules, brokers and traders distrust good ethics as a possible end in itself. Many professionals in the financial market perceive efforts to integrate ethical reasoning in work as only means for maximising business opportunities.     

荣地水电站增机扩容工程压力钢管的结构设计

荣地水电站增机扩容工程原发电引水系统主要为总长为2663 m的隧洞，由于隧洞竖井至原钢衬段前的钢筋混凝土衬砌施工质量较差，达不到结构安全运行的要求，因此需对原发电引水系统进行加固处理，经方案比选后，采用竖井段进行埋管回填混凝土加固+下平洞内铺设明钢管的方式进行加固处理，并相应对钢管进行结构设计。     

20Kt/a煅烧焦回转窑耐高温下料溜管技术改造的研究

介绍在大港油田20Kt/a煅烧焦厂煅烧回转窑高温下料溜管的投产使用中,针对出现的焊口开裂、高温下管体变形等一系列问题,通过焊接应力分析、高温温差应力、溜管整体结构受力分析等方法和原理,从整体结构和焊接方法两方面进行技术改造,探讨出符合大港油田20Kt/a煅烧焦60米回转窑使用要求的耐高温下料溜管制作安装方法。     

Perceived organizational support and coworker support as antecedents of foreign workers’ voice and psychological stress

This study investigates the effects of perceived organizational support (POS) and coworker support on the voice behavior and psychological stress of foreign workers in Macau hospitality industry. Drawing upon social exchange theory, we propose that POS and coworker support exert differential impacts on foreign workers’ promotive and prohibitive voice. We further hypothesize the negative relationships between these two types of support and psychological stress. Our hypotheses were tested by a two-wave longitudinal survey data collected from 141 foreign workers employed in four Macau hotels. The results showed that, although POS and coworker support were positively related to promotive voice, the effect of POS was comparatively stronger. Only POS had a significant and positive effect on prohibitive voice. In addition, coworker support but not POS reduced foreign workers’ psychological stress. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.     

Convergence and divergence of role stress experience of locally hired Japanese and non-Japanese host country staff: a qualitative study

This qualitative study examines the role stress (comprising of role ambiguity and role conflict) experienced by locally hired Japanese (LJ) and non-Japanese (NJ) staff in a sample of Japanese companies in Australia. Expatriates were also interviewed to gather information regarding the impact of cross-cultural understanding on role ambiguity and role conflict in their work relationships with LJ and NJ staff. Both LJ staff and NJ local staff experienced two types of role ambiguity, resulting from insufficient English competence and information shortage. NJ staff experienced two additional types of role ambiguity due to their lack of cultural understanding about Japan. LJ staff experienced two types of role conflict which were not experienced by NJ local staff. These were caused by their cultural understanding about Australia, and their Japanese cultural heritage and understanding of the society and organisational processes. This study shows that cultural understanding of one's host country and parent country could reduce role ambiguity. In addition, it was found that cultural understanding of one's host country and parent country results in role conflict. These findings suggest that cultural understanding could have positive and negative consequences on role stress. Theoretical and practical implications in the management of white-collar staff in overseas Japanese companies are discussed.