关于我国社区银行定义的辩析

本文从社区银行的定义界定入手，分析国内外关于社区银行定义的不同之处，揭示我国目前普遍接受的社区银行定义的深刻内涵。剖析当前存在的对社区银行定义理解上的偏差。     

我国金融发展与经济增长关系的区域差异分析——兼论分税制改革对金融发展与经济增长关系的影响

本文利用1979-2003年的省级面板数据，将我国分为东、中、西三大区域，考察了金融发展对经济增长的影响，结果表明：把国有商业银行贷款占GDP的比例作为金融发展的衡量指标对三大地区人均GDP均具有显著的正相关性，金融发展促进经济增长的理论在我国同样成立；但金融发展与实体经济部门之间均不存在良性互动的关系，其对经济增长的贡献仅仅停留在增加资本积累上，对资本配置效率的改善作用不大；1994年的分税制改革对金融发展促进经济增长的作用造成了显著的负面影响。因此，我国的金融体制改革需要将金融体制改革、国有企业改革、财税体制改革和政府体制改革纳入同一个分析框架中进行。     

产业集群、区域经济与金融深化——金融支持中国戴南产业集群发展模式研究

积极实施城市反哺农村，工业反哺农业，以工业化致富农民，城市化带动农村，产业化提升农业，是建设社会主义新农村的成功经验。金融作为现代经济的核心，是支持社会主义新农村建设不可或缺的重要因素。本文结合中国戴南产业集群发展的轨迹，剖析了戴南产业集群发展的现状、特点以及制约集群进一步发展的金融瓶颈，提出了金融支持戴南产业集群发展的构想，着重指出了转变观念、创新机制、组合产品、完善体系等四个方面金融支持的新路径，为金融助推产业集群在经济欠发达地区的率先发展，提供了重要的实践模式。     

Testing for Vertical Fiscal Externalities

The purpose of this paper is to design a test of whether the vertical external effects associated with tax base sharing among local and regional governments have become internalized via the intergovernmental transfer system. Such tests are important in the sense that the income tax rates chosen by different levels of government will generally be correlated, even if the resource allocation is optimal from society's point of view. By using panel data for the Swedish local and regional public sectors, the results imply that an increase in the regional income tax rate induces the municipalities in the region to decrease their income tax rates. In addition, we are able to reject the null hypothesis that the vertical external effects have become internalized.     

Complementary currencies: what role should they be playing in local and regional government?

The current climate of fiscal austerity has seen a resurgence in ‘complementary currencies’ as local and regional governments look for ways to use under-utilized assets, maintain employment and avoid local economic decline. The authors explore how local and regional governments can facilitate complementary currencies to reduce the impact of external economic shocks and enable their economies to continue to function in the face of austerity. They recommend that localities consider participating in existing complementary currency ‘circles’.     

农村普惠金融发展空间差异与集聚效应

基于中国农村普惠金融发展的空间地理特征,依据2006-2015年30个省市相关数据,测算农村普惠金融水平;建立空间自回归模型(SLM)和空间误差模型(SEM)检验普惠金融发展空间集聚效应.结果发现:各省市农村普惠金融指数总体呈上升趋势,农村普惠金融发展空间相关性逐年增强,局部空间差异逐渐缩小.普惠金融集聚与农民收入变化之间存在正空间相关性,普惠金融水平的提高能够促进农民收入水平的提高.鉴此,应加强区域空间金融合作,提高保险业普惠度;加强地方政府之间交流合作,发挥普惠金融集聚辐射作用,推动农民收入水平进一步提高.     

Hybridizing local and generic information to model cropping system spatial distribution in an agricultural landscape

For quantitative water management, fine analysis of spatial and temporal interactions between cropping systems and water resources helps identify time and site-specific withdrawal situations. However, it is a methodological challenge to provide fine-resolution analyses at the scale of large watersheds used for crises management. In this study, we present a methodology based on multiple methods and mixed sources of information to finely model an agricultural landscape (AL) that represents the spatial distribution of cropping systems. Our approach is based on progressively hybridizing databases and local actors' and experts' knowledge to produce a spatially explicit and dynamic model. The Land Parcel Identification System database, which resulted from the European Common Agricultural Policy, is crucial for our method since it provides the spatial and temporal basis of our model (i.e., geographic delineation of islets and information about crop sequences). Local knowledge is used to identify factors determining spatial distribution of cropping systems and to build a generic model that simulates farmers' crop-management strategies. The model was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated using a multi-agent simulation platform (MAELIA). We asked local experts on quantitative water management to evaluate the ability of the platform to reproduce intra- and inter-annual dynamics at different levels when using our model of the AL as input. The experts were satisfied with the results; they validated the predicted dynamics of the variables, and some discussed the objectivity of the values. We discuss the method’s contribution to current challenges in modeling large agricultural areas and the associated tradeoffs. The approach is promising for policy makers who wish to develop integrated, locally adapted land-management strategies.     

区域化党建视域下流动党员政党认同现状及提升途径研究--以宁波北仑为例

流动党员个体在政党认同强度上的差别，一定程度上影响着全党政治行为的整合性和驱动力。根据当前流动党员在政党认知、政党情感、政党评价及政党认同的行为四个层面的两面性分析，应从价值内化、情感维系、社会引导等三方面进行运作，以提高流动党员政党认同度。     

The determinants of FTA use in Southeast Asia: A firm-level analysis

The spread of free trade agreements (FTAs) in Southeast Asia has ignited a debate about their impact on enterprises including the business costs from the Asian ‘noodle bowl’ effect. This paper undertakes a comparative and firm-level analysis of the determinants of FTA use in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. The likelihood of firms using important ASEAN+1 FTAs (e.g. the ASEAN-China FTA, the ASEAN-Japan FTA and ASEAN-Korea FTA) is positively associated with acquiring knowledge about FTAs, building technological capabilities, and membership in industrial clusters. Non-use of FTAs is explained by a lack of information about FTAs and the absence of FTAs with major trading partners. Key policy implications are the need to improve business support for FTAs, to conclude FTAs with major trading partners, and to create a database on FTA preference use.     

Tax avoidance and ex ante cost of capital

This study examines the association between tax avoidance and ex ante cost of equity capital. Based on prior research, we develop two proxies for investors’ expectations of tax avoidance and explore whether deviations from those expectations result in higher ex ante cost of equity capital. We find that the ex ante cost of equity capital increases with tax avoidance that is either below or above investor expectations and that the increase is larger for tax avoidance that exceeds investors’ expectations. We then examine whether firms that alter their future tax avoidance exhibit a lowering of their ex ante cost of equity capital and find that tax avoidance decreases (increases) from the prior year for firms that were above (below) investors’ expectations in the prior year. These results are consistent with the trade‐off suggested by the Scholes and Wolfson framework and reinforce the notion that balancing tax benefits and non‐tax costs is an important feature of firms’ tax planning.