农村居民点综合破碎度评价及影响因素探测*——以山东日照市为例

[目的]尝试借鉴景观格局的研究思路,对农村居民点破碎化程度进行评价及其影响因素分析,为当前"新农村建设"中合理进行土地整治提供辅助依据。[方法]充分考虑农村居民点的规模、形状和分布特征,构建了乡镇尺度上的农村居民点综合破碎度评价模型,并利用多元回归模型对其影响因素进行了分析,提出了居民点整理模式的针对性建议。[结果]以沿海平原地区——山东日照为例的研究结果表明:(1)农村居民点破碎度综合指数(FCI)能够较好地反映沿海平原地区农村居民点的空间分异特征;沿海地区FCI大于内陆地区,形成了"阶梯状"的空间分布格局。(2)多元回归模型可以较为准确地探测出破碎度影响因素;研究区FCI的显著影响因素包括距海岸线的距离、距县城的距离、坡度、道路密度等。[结论]通过分析不同等级破碎度的分布特征及其影响因素,可以为各地政府因地制宜开展土地整治、城乡协调发展和新农村建设的土地利用决策提供参考依据。     

陕北黄陵县农户生计资本评价及其生计策略研究

[目的]选取受退耕还林、封山禁牧等生态政策影响较大的陕北农户为研究对象,分析农户生计资本与生计策略之间的作用关系。[方法]基于可持续生计分析框架,采用Logistic回归模型,对17个行政村335户样本农户数据进行分析。[结果](1)研究区农户的人力资本整体得分最高,社会资本居次,物质资本中等偏下,自然资本和金融资本处于低水平;(2)农户生计分化明显,典型的纯农户很少,农户生计策略主要为兼农型和低水平非农型;(3)回归分析表明,人力资本指数高的农户倾向于外地兼农,物质资本和社会资本指数高的农户倾向于当地兼农,家庭年收入、人均教育投入和人情往来3项指标是促进农户向非农型生计策略转变的关键因子。[结论]农户生计策略的选择和转变是建立在自身资本结构上的,其往往向着发挥生计资本优势、规避生计资本短板的方向调整生计策略,进而达到提高整体生计资本水平的目的。人力资本优势主导下的黄陵县,加之沟壑区农地资源空间配置的破碎性与复杂性,外地兼农型生计策略将仍是该地区农户近期内的主要生计抉择。     

村级尺度耕地产能空间分异及其影响因子分析

[目的]通过探究耕地产能空间分异规律与影响因子,识别地区粮食生产关键制约因素,提升高标准基本农田建设的针对性和建设效果。[方法]采用空间自相关模型刻画了村级尺度耕地产能空间分异规律,对比分析了线性回归模型和地理加权回归模型在耕地产能影响因子识别的效果,并依此划分产能提升类型区。[结果](1)海伦市耕地产能呈现中西部高北部偏低的态势,且具有较强的空间自相关特征。(2)海伦市耕地产能与黑土层厚度、出现障碍层深度、耕作距离、田块状况和质地等变量显著相关,且均呈正相关,但在空间上表现出不同程度的异质性。(3)基于地理加权回归模型的耕地产能影响因子,提出了产能保持区、耕作条件改良区、质地改良区、障碍层改良区和保护性耕作区5类耕地产能提升类型区。[结论]文章所采用的基于村级尺度耕地产能及其空间分异因素模型相关研究,能够较好揭示村级耕地产能空间分布特点、空间自相关性特征及影响因子分布特征,基于此所划分的耕地产能提升类型区较已有研究对耕地分类管理具有更精准的支撑作用。     

基于乡村振兴战略的湖南省乡村治理体系研究

［目的］乡村治理有效作为实施乡村振兴战略的五大战略总要求之一和重要组成部分,对其进行分析有利于完善农村现代化建设以及促进乡村振兴战略的实施。［方法］文章以湖南省为例,采用问卷调查法和Logistic回归模型法对乡村治理体系进行分析,探讨影响区域乡村治理体系的主要因素。［结果］被调查农户的年龄主要集中在30~60岁,年收入主要集中在1万元以上。进而结合Logistic回归模型可知：社区生活组织、村规民约、农村养老服务设施、留守儿童之家、集中性治丧场所以及村务公开等6个变量对乡村治理体系的开展实施正向显著影响,而年龄对乡村治理体系的开展负向影响。［结论］基于乡村振兴战略发展乡村治理体系主要在于创新乡村治理体系,通过分析影响湖南省乡村治理体系的因素,为乡村有效治理提供参考意见,同时充分发挥乡村治理功能实现乡村振兴战略的全面实施。     

Higher Highs and Lower Lows: The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in CEO Dismissal

Research summary: Investing a firm's resources in corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives remains a contentious issue. While research suggests firm financial performance is the primary driver of CEO dismissal, we propose that CSR will provide important additional context when interpreting a firm's financial performance. Consistent with this prediction, our results suggest that past CSR decisions amplify the negative relationship between financial performance and CEO dismissal. Specifically, we find that greater prior investments in CSR appear to expose CEOs of firms with poor financial performance to a greater risk of dismissal. In contrast, greater past investments in CSR appear to help shield CEOs of firms with good financial performance from dismissal. These findings provide novel insight into how CEOs' career outcomes may be affected by earlier CSR decisions. Managerial summary: In this study, we examined a potential personal consequence for CEOs related to corporate social responsibility (CSR). We explored the role prior investments in CSR play when a board evaluates the firm's financial performance and considers whether or not to fire the CEO. Our results suggest that while financial performance sets the overall tone of a CEO's evaluation, CSR amplifies that baseline evaluation. Specifically, our results suggest that greater past investments in CSR appear to (a) greatly increase the likelihood of CEO dismissal when financial performance is poor, and (b) somewhat reduce the likelihood of CEO dismissal when financial performance is good. Thus, striving to deliver profits in a socially responsible manner may have both positive and negative personal consequences. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

行业因素对综合预警模型的判别效果的影响研究--以基于主成分分析的Logit模型为例

以2010～2012年期间我国沪深A股因财务困境陷入ST的公司和按照1∶2比例配比的正常公司作为研究对象,并根据行业特点对样本进行划分。同时,选取能够反映企业盈利能力、股东获利能力、现金流量能力、营运能力、发展能力、偿债能力的30个财务指标,在主成分分析的基础上构建各年度的Logit模型,对各行业的违约概率和判别准确度分别进行分析。结果表明,不同行业的违约概率和判别准确度均存在显著差异且存在共性特征。     

Do special issues offer something special? An overview of research trends in Telecommunications Policy special issues

This study explores the value of special issues by analyzing the characteristics of special issues of Telecommunications Policy (TP). Specifically, this study examines the status of special issue publications, the characteristics of their articles compared with those of general issues, and the factors affecting article citations. For the analysis, all information on TP articles published from 1976 to 2018 was collected from the Scopus database. A comparative analysis as well as a negative binomial regression were conducted on papers published after 1994, when the first special issue was published. The results show that special issues are distinguished from general issues by various characteristics, such as multinational author collaboration, number of references, keywords, and funding. While general issue papers are more frequently cited in academia, special issue papers show better performance in terms of online captures and social media sharing. Moreover, the smaller number of variables affects the frequency of citations in the case of special issues, revealing that content and format are more influential than author factors.     

Global value chains,large-scale farming,and poverty: Long-term effects in Senegal

This paper presents panel data evidence on the impact of expansion of global value chains and large-scale export-oriented farms in developing countries over almost a decade. We estimate the income effects of wage employment on large-scale farms in the horticultural export sector in Senegal, using data from two survey rounds covering a seven-years period of rapid expansion of the sector. We estimate average income effects as well as heterogeneous income effects, using fixed effects and quantile fixed effects regressions. We find that poverty and inequality reduced much faster in the research area than elsewhere in Senegal. Employment in the horticultural export sector is associated with higher household income and the income effect is strongest for the poorest households. Expansion of the horticultural export sector in Senegal has been particularly pro-poor through creating employment that is accessible and creates substantial income gains for the poorest half of the rural population. These pro-poor employment effects contrast with insights in the literature on increased inequality from rural wage employment.     

An empirical analysis of multiple services and choices of consumer in the Swedish telecommunications market

Received analyses state that firms can use a multiple services offering strategy to retain customers and capture new customers. Factors that determine the multiple services strategy include product discount, service provider and customer characteristics. Consequently, this study addresses the fundamental question: what are the key determining factors that explain the probability that a consumer buys multiple services? A generalized Poisson regression model is employed to examine whether the product discount, service provider, socio-economic variables and geographical location impact consumer decisions. Data from a national survey in 2009 commissioned by Post-och Telestyrelsen, the Swedish telecommunications regulator, are analyzed. The results clearly show that the discount, service provider and income of the consumer affect the consumer׳s buying decision. A consumer who receives a discount or has a high income is more likely to buy multiple services or select more services from the current service provider into his basket than a consumer who does not receive discount or has lower income. Service providers, cable TV operators and telecommunications carriers can also lock-in their consumer and expand their market position from one particular service to another using bundling service. Thus, this may be the time for the telecommunications regulator to consider the market definition.