对我国发展森林水文服务市场的相关问题探讨

以国际森林水文服务市场的发展动力、交易机制、市场参与者、交易范围等方面研究为基础,深入探讨了我国森林水文服务市场发展的2个问题:⑴从购买方、法律与政策、供应方的角度出发,探讨市场发展动力不足及如何进一步推动市场发展问题;⑵通过对流域下游公众森林水文服务意识、公众对森林水文有偿服务的态度及支付意愿的调查,对现阶段创建全流域森林水文服务市场的可能性进行探讨。     

森林资源资产评估理论与实践(Ⅱ)——森林资源资产经营权评估

本文从森林资源资产经营权的涵义、特点出发 ,针对森林资源资产的经营状况 ,提出了以经营单位的森林经营类型为对象的森林资源资产经营权评估方法 ,并给出了评估实例     

福建天然林资源保护的生态经济管理系统研究

本文总结了福建天然林资源的现状及存在的主要问题 ,运用生态经济学理论展开分析 ,认为实现生态环境管理和经济管理的有机统一是福建天然林资源保护的现实选择 ,并进一步探讨建立天然林资源保护的生态经济管理系统的相关对策     

Valuing high altitude spruce-fir forest improvements: importance of forest condition and recreation activity

High altitude spruce fir forests are typical around the world and are often subjected to multiple forms of recreational use. In this paper, we use household and recreation group data for a spruce fir forest high in the Appalachian Mountains of the U. S. to evaluate the benefits from forest protection (i. e., from improving the forest condition). Our benefits estimation procedures use the referendum-type, contingent valuation (CV) approach of Cameron (1988). We modify the usual practice of obtaining a single willingness-to-pay (WTP) value by using alternative questionnaire scenarios and conducting tests to examine i) household and recreation group value sensitivity to forest condition, and ii) recreation group differences in WTP for forest protection. A first sample of southeastern U. S. households was asked to value a forest protection program for a spruce-fir forest showing no impact from insect disturbance or atmospheric deposition. The second sample was asked to value a protection program for a forest already experiencing impact from insect infestation and air pollution. Logit analysis of the two samples revealed no statistically significant difference in household WTP between the two forest protection programs. Further analysis indicated that consumptive forest users (i. e., hunters and anglers) held forest protection values that were sensitive to a change forest condition, while nonconsumptive forest users (i. e., campers and hikers) held values that were insensitive to the same condition change. Recreation group comparisons revealed that consumptive forest users also held lower values for forest protection than nonconsumptive recreationists. These results demonstrate the importance of estimating public values for forest protection in terms of heterogeneous groups rather than as a homogeneous whole.     

森林经营与林业可持续发展

林业是为进行森林经营组织起来的 ,以进行木材、林产品生产和保护性资源经营而以后者为基础的基础产业和公益事业。林业发展必须以森林经营为基础 ,林业可持续发展的前提是森林的可持续经营 ,面对当前我国的林业形势和实际 ,要确立“生态林业”的发展思路 ,放开商品林经营 ,改革林政管理制度和税费制度 ,改革和完善法规体系     

天然次生柞木林光照强度变化规律观测

对天然次生柞木林内的不同层次及林内外的光照强度进行了日、季变化规律的研究。晴天具有相似的日变化规律，呈单峰曲线，中午１２时左右达到最大值；而在多云条件下，上述规律常常被破坏，季节变化，变化趋势一致，７月份达最大值，但随着离度下降，峰值逐渐消失；对照区和林冠表面受气候条件影响较大。还对柞木林内光照强度的分布格局进行了研究，近９５％的太阳辐射能被主林层吸收。     

Forest Conservation in Costa Rica when Nonuse Benefits are Uncertain but Rising

Stochastic dynamic programming is used to investigate optimal holding of primary tropical forest in humid Costa Rica when future nonuse benefits of forest conservation are uncertain and increasing. The quasi-option value of maintaining primary forests is included as a component of investment in natural capital. Although the impact of uncertainty on conservation incentives is substantial, our results indicate that a rising trend in future benefits and compensation by the international community for beneficial spillovers are more important factors in determining optimal holdings of forest stocks. Without compensatory payments, however, further deforestation may be warranted.     

我国生态环境退化的问题分析及对策

生态环境退化已经严重阻碍了社会经济的可持续发展，成为各国关注的焦点；分析了我国森林生态系统退化、水土流失、土地荒漠化、湿地萎缩等主要生态退化类型的现状、分布和成因并对我国退化生态系统的恢复与重建提出了基本对策。     

韩城市退耕还林成效评估分析

通过对韩城市退耕还林工程实施成效调查分析,认为工程实施收效明显。生态环境初步改善,区域自然灾害发生率明显降低。地表径流得到有效控制,水土流失量大幅度减少;经济效益比较明显,有力地促进了农民增收和农村经济发展;社会效益凸现,部分农民从农业生产中解脱出来从事二三产业,促进了小城镇建设。同时改变了以往粗放经营方式,促进了农业生产的集约化经营和农村产业结构的调整。提出在工程实施中,存在树种单一,抗风险能力差的问题。建议结合实际,采取对策,在今后工程实施中加以改进,确保退耕还林效益的最大化。     

林业的历史性转变与碳交换机制的建立

地球大气CO2含量上升是导致地球水、气、热循环失常以及生物多样性减少的主要原因。全球对林业的主要生态需求是发挥森林减少大气CO2含量的功能。现在人们公认的许多林业理念是偏颇的,需要纠正。地球生态危机说明CO2排放空间是稀缺资源,发展的结果必然导致在全球分配CO2排放权,从而产生CO2排放权交易、碳汇产权化、生态服务有形化、有偿化。