多渠道增加陕西省农村居民财产性收入研究

文章在分析陕西农民增加财产性收入渠道现状的基础上,具体分析了制约陕西农民多渠道增加财产性收入的因素,进而研究了多渠道增加农村居民财产性收入的措施:构建农民产权制度保障、健全市场机制、培养现代农村人力资本、发展农村集体经济、完善农村社会保障制度及充分发挥政府规范和引导作用。     

Three books,two movements,one story

These three books take different approaches to analysing the transformative potential of the Landless Workers Movement (MST) in Brazil. Vergara‐Camus' book also examines the Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN). Carter solicited essays from numerous specialists and sees his book as contributing to existing efforts to overcome inequality. Mészáros emphasizes the influence of power relations on the law, determining that it takes an organized pressure group such as the MST to ensure that authorities implement policies that challenge the status quo. Vergara‐Camus' grassroots approach, which involved periods of living with peasant families, concludes that the MST's strategies for building alternative, autonomous rural communities is more realistic – more universalistic – than that of the Zapatistas, whose military tactics tend to reinforce the group's isolation in the forests of Mexico's southernmost state. The review evaluates these arguments, the authors and their evidence from the perspective of a researcher experienced with the objects studied.     

美国社区银行的发展及其对我国新农村金融建设的启示

改革开放以来,我国中小企业发展迅速,但中小企业金融银行服务体系并不健全.与欧美发达国家相比,作为银行体系重要组成部分的社区银行在我国依旧少见.本文在介绍美国社区银行发展状况及运营特点的基础上,总结了美国社区银行在服务农村建设方面的成功经验与启示借鉴,以期对我国社区银行业的深化改革提出一点想法.     

Understanding tourists' itineraries in emerging rural tourism regions: the application of paper-based itinerary mapping methodology to a wine tourism region in Michigan

In recent years, many rural areas have turned to tourism as a way of reviving their communities. One challenge to such efforts is that community leaders in these areas often have limited experience with tourism and consequently lack the knowledge and resources to best facilitate sustainable tourism initiatives. Moreover, an influx of tourists to an area puts new demands on infrastructure. Information about tourists' itineraries can help communities to address new challenges that result from tourism, however using emerging technologies such as GPS and Internet-based map surveys can be expensive and require expertise many rural tourism planners do not have. Paper-based itinerary mapping methodology can be a cost effective way of providing local officials, tourism planners, and businesses with important information to inform decisions about how to invest limited resources. This study applies paper-based itinerary mapping to an emerging wine tourism area in a rural county in the US state of Michigan. Because it involves tourists travelling from place to place within a region, wine tourism is particularly well-suited for itinerary mapping. Results provide specific recommendations to local officials, tourism planners, and businesses. Moreover, the study offers an example to researchers interested in conducting studies that use paper-based itinerary mapping methodology.     

European farmers and participatory rural appraisal: A systematic literature review on experiences to optimize rural development

Farmers are those who daily supervise and manage rural areas, but still their collaborations with those institutions entitled to decide the transformation of these territories are not managed properly. The experiences of participatory processes with the involvement of farmers are analyzed in many agricultural studies. A systematic review has allowed us to analyse experiences related to 35 participation paths aimed at rural regions’ development. The analysis has been made on the basis of 14 variables describing the path followed and its purpose, the agricultural holding involved and the areas surveyed.The work has the objectives to identify some strengths and weaknesses in the involvement of farmers in decision-making and the strengths and weaknesses of the processes themselves. The review has shown that too often in participatory processes farmers are considered only as a source of information to be used by researchers rather than as active participants in the choices for the protection, management and transformation of the rural territory. An effective participatory rural appraisal requires greater empowerment of farmers. In general, compared to the methods and tools used, farmers are wary of paths that are too complex and prefer the use of low-tech tools. This result can be attributed to the farmers’ demand of direct contact with the researchers to build trust and also to the average age of European farmers, which is pretty high.In participation contexts, it is not possible to establish standardized methods and tools, because each process should be tailored for the community that expresses it. Nevertheless, the work has highlighted the need to establish some minimum principles to avoid considering unsuccessful some participation paths which, in reality, have been only scarcely participated. In the work, these principles have been presented through the development of key questions, to which those who design the path for an effective engagement of agricultural stakeholder must respond: representativeness, empowerment, empirical knowledge, relationships, group type, numerosity and involvement stage.     

我国新型农村金融机构存在的问题及对策分析

我国的新型农村金融机构自成立和运行以来,取得了一定的成绩,但也存在着若干问题亟待解决。本文分析了新型农村金融机构运行中存在的问题,并提出改进现状的相关建议,以更好地发挥新型农村金融机构在新农村建设中的作用。     

城镇化进程中农村金融需求变化问题的调查解析--基于江苏农户的问卷调查

经济决定金融，金融必须努力服务于经济发展方式转变。基于农户微观视角，通过农户问卷调查，研究城镇化进程中农户金融需求变化及其行为特征问题，分析农村金融供给现状及差距，探讨和构建适合新时期农村金融服务工作的发展机制，对促进江苏农村经济发展、提高城镇化水平具有重要现实意义。     

河南省农村居民幸福度调查研究

居民幸福度是我国构建和谐社会的一个重要内容。河南省是我国中部地区一个欠发达省份,通过对河南省农村居民调查、数理统计分析、建立幸福度评价模型等发现,经济问题仍是河南省农村居民幸福度提升的基础;影响河南省农村居民幸福度的因素已向多元化方向发展;健康问题已成为影响农村居民幸福度的重要因素;老人及离异、伤偶或独居的人的幸福度最低。     

涉农贷款中保证担保的法律思考

我国农村信贷发展中,第三方的保证担保发挥着积极作用。然而,在涉农贷款实践中,保证担保制度仍存在许多问题:农户联保贷款虽得到了广泛的推广,但仍存在诸多不足有待进一步完善;作为农村重要组织的村民委员会的保证人资格问题仍存在争议,需要立法予以规范;保证担保公示制度的不健全,增加了涉农贷款的风险,亟待建立有效的保证担保公示制度。     

农村宅基地使用权申请审批问题研究——基于地方立法文本的分析

地方立法中的申请审批条款在一定程度上决定着我国农村宅基地申请审批的实际状况。通过对地方立法文本中关于申请审批的立法模式和内容构成的统计分析，发现我国目前宅基地申请人的资格不一，审批中农村集体经济组织主体位置虚缺，而且宅基地立法层级很低，立法清理工作不及时。我国今后应明确农村集体经济组织成员的内涵，强化宅基地所有权人在审批中的作用，制定统一的《农村宅基地使用权法》。