松嫩高平原土地利用格局空间尺度识别及其关联关系研究

研究目的:实现由传统的人工识别到自动识别土地利用格局空间尺度的方法创新,为优化区域土地利用格局提供科学依据。研究方法:基于分形理论,采用二阶导数对计盒维数模型进行改进和优化。研究结果:(1)研究区土地利用格局在900 m×900 m尺度上具有明显的分形特征;(2)1991年、2003年和2015年研究区土地利用格局表现为各土地利用类型之间空间作用力、分布均匀程度和内部联结性的大小不同,并呈现出空间相互关联关系复杂性;(3)1991—2015年,研究区土地利用格局空间相互关联关系变化特征明显,表现为土地利用格局中竞争强度强弱的差异。研究结论:(1)改进的计盒维数模型能够实现土地利用格局空间尺度的自动识别;(2)建立的计盒维数自动识别尺度模型,确定研究区土地利用格局空间尺度900 m×900 m是独立最小地理单元,也是分析土地利用格局变化的最优尺度。     

信息传递、家庭养老保险与农户农业规模经营参与决策分析——以农户农地股份合作社入股决策为例

如何激发农户参与农业规模经营的积极性,是实现其与现代化农业有机衔接的关键之一。本文以农地股份合作社为例,基于728户非社员农户样本,着重分析了信息传递、家庭养老保险对非社员农户入股决策的调节作用及其相互作用。研究发现,家庭养老保险参与、政策信息、社员评价信息传递对非社员农户入股决策均表现出显著的正向调节作用。其中,社员评价信息传递边际效应最高,对非社员农户的调节作用随传递信息内容等级的提高而提高。此外,信息传递对非农社员入股决策影响的边际调节效应递减。家庭养老保险对非农户社员入股决策的正向调节作用需要一定的信息传递为基础。因此,本文提出如下建议:可针对特定农业规模经营方式,在发展的不同阶段采取不同的信息传递方式;健全运行机制和监督机制,提高参与农户评价;完善农村社会保险体系,提高农户风险补偿预期。     

生产性服务业对农业全要素生产率的影响研究基于中介效应的影响路径分析

目的 在农业高质量发展的背景下,探讨农业生产性服务业发展对农业全要素生产率的切实影响及其作用机制。方法 文章基于DEA-Malmquist指数测算了2001—2019年全国农业全要素生产率增长变动情况,探究农业生产性服务业发展对农业全要素生产率的影响贡献,并通过中介效应模型对其影响路径进行实证检验。结果 农业生产性服务业发展水平与农业全要素生产率间呈现“倒U型”关系,生产性服务业发展对生产效率的促进作用部分通过农业生产专业化分工程度的提高以及经营规模的扩大得以实现;不同阶段、不同发展水平的生产性服务业对农业全要素生产率的促进作用和影响路径存在差异,生产性服务业发展初期主要通过促进农业生产分工和专业化水平提升来推动生产效率增长,后续则表现为规模效应和专业化效应的共同影响。结论 农业生产性服务业发展有助于提升农业全要素生产率,未来应持续推进农业生产性服务体系建设,引导农业生产性服务业适度发展,助力农业现代化转型。     

都市郊区农地规模经营综合效益分析——基于北京市规模经营主体的多案例研究

[目的]规模经营是破解“小规模、分散化”农地经营格局的关键举措,考察农地规模经营的综合效益对推进农业现代化具有重要意义。[方法]文章以规模经营主体为研究对象,通过采用多案例研究法,分析农业龙头企业、合作社及家庭农场3种不同类型主体的农地规模经营综合效益。[结果]尽管不同类型规模经营主体各有特点,但都能实现规模经营经济效益、生态效益和社会效益。规模经营过程中,农业龙头企业仍面临土地和劳动力成本居高不下问题,合作社存在与小农户链接松散问题,家庭农场面临资金不足问题,各主体皆未能实现一二三产融合发展。[结论]建议改善农业龙头企业外部环境,开展租金和就业支持补贴;规范合作社运营,提高小农户参与度;帮助家庭农场进行品牌塑造,提高家庭农场核心竞争力;大力推进一二三产融合发展,开展多形式培训、考核。     

Culture' Effects on Job Satisfaction and Performance in a Bicultural Context

Abstract

This study looks at culture' influence on employee job satisfaction and performance as it pertains to competitiveness. The researcher investigated whether INDSALES (a job satisfaction scale) is compatible with a Hispanic salesperson sample, focusing on automobile sales situations. The methodology relied heavily on field research and on an experimental design that applied different employee/manager combinations. Two hypotheses were proposed and subsequently tested. Results demonstrate that Hispanics and Anglo-Americans view job satisfaction somewhat differently. The study also found that there are significant differences in the levels of job satisfaction between mono-cultural and bicultural relationships. Managerial implications for better competitiveness are incorporated. Future research could investigate a different geographical region with Hispanic and Anglo automobile salespersons or other nations where different cultures work together     

WTO's Anti-dumping Rule and the Protection of Incumbents

Article VI of the GATT allows counter measures if goods are sold in a foreign market at a price below average production plus transportation costs. The present article analyses Article VI based on a simple game theoretic model with two countries and economies of scale in the production of one homogeneous good. It is shown that multiple equilibria exist under the WTO rule for some parameter values that do not exist without the rule. In some equilibria, the incumbent serves the entire market even if the entrant can produce at lower costs. The model supports the criticism of the anti-dumping rule as an instrument of protection by industrialized countries against competition from developing countries.     

论人的自由而全面的发展——社会主义民生和人民民主视角

随着改革开放和社会主义市场经济建设进入攻坚期,我国社会主义现代化建设进入战略机遇期,改善社会主义民生和扩大人民民主成为党和国家近年来进行中国特色社会主义事业建设中着力关注的问题。解决这两个问题,就必须认识到两者是一个整体,着力改善民生可以为扩大人民民主提供经济基础和社会基础;努力扩大人民民主可以为改善民生提供积极因素和政治保障;民生和人民民主的最高命题是＂人的自由而全面的发展＂。     

由生产力发展趋势浅析中国现有经济规模

经过30年的改革开放，我国的生产力水平正在迅速提高，到21世纪第一个10年中期，我国生产力水平达到改革开放前的20倍。同时，在过去的10年中，相关的国内生产总值和市场规模在以同样令世人震惊的增长率共同进步。然而，研究中发现，第三产业生产力发展数据失真，对第三产业产值有低估问题。若假设我国第三产业占生产总值的50％，即理性提高第三产业产值的比例，我国国内生产总值将接近或超过美国。     

Market Orientation in the Chilean Small Business Context

Abstract

Market orientation has been considered a key factor in successful business operations across different markets. To test this assertion, the authors examine the influence of a firm's market orientation on small business performance in the Chilean retail environment. They go on to report empirical information about the characteristics of the market-oriented retailers in Chile. The Kohli, Jaworski, and Kumar (1993) MARKOR scale is used in the study to assess the market orientation in the context of a developing country environment. Data for the study were collected from small retailers in Chile through self-administered questionnaires using a drop-off/pick-up method. The results show a significant correlation between market orientation and small business performance. Path analyses found that the best structure among the Market Orientation dimensions is: Intelligence Generation→ Intelligence Dissemination → Responsiveness. Moreover, these performance measures differed significantly among the three different partitions obtained using a k-means cluster analysis. The findings indicate that the MARKOR scale is both valid and reliable in a diverse Chilean small business environment.     

Optimal Size in the Waste Collection Sector

The purpose of this study is to analyze the cost structure of a sample of Italian wastecollection firms in order to assess economies of scale and density and, therefore, definethe optimal size of the firms. A total and a variable translog cost function were estimated using panel data for a sample of 30 firms operating at the provincial level over the period 1991–1995.The empirical evidence suggests that franchised monopoly, rather than side-by-sidecompetition, is the most efficient form of production organization in the waste collection industry. Further, the majority of firms are not operating at optimal scale.