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91.
    
Water used for irrigation is essential for global food production. Increased water scarcity, due to climate change, is a constraint to agricultural development, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. This increases pressure on agriculture which often manages water inefficiently and competes with other sectors for water use. Enhancing farmers’ production efficiency may lead to substantial water savings and conservation. Public sector is called to play a role in water governance and to introduce appropriate multilevel regulatory and incentive measures for better water management. This work applies a spatial stochastic frontier model to the case of high water-demanding fruit and vegetable crops in the Apulia region of Southern Italy, where water is scarce due to semi-arid climate and erratic rainfall. Using cross-sectional data from the EU Farm Accountancy Data Network, this work incorporates firm specific heterogeneity into technical efficiency analysis and implements an autoregressive specification of the inefficiency component. Results support the hypothesis that spatial heterogeneity exists in on-farm efficiency of irrigated crop production and is adequately captured by the spatial stochastic frontier model approach. Technical efficiency of farms with similar structural and management characteristics greatly varies across crops and geographical areas, because of the different natural resource endowment and agro-climatic factors. Policies providing incentives to on-farm adoption of modern water-saving technologies and measures to promote small family farm activities could effectively contribute to water conservation goal, but they should be well-articulated to account for agriculture spatial diverseness.  相似文献   
92.
我国金融监管的制度稀缺与制度创新   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
制度本身是一种稀缺资源,好的制度具备信息、降低交易成本、激励和约束四大功能。在我国经济体制转型时期,制度稀缺是我国的基本国情,而当前我国的银行风险很大程度上是监管制度短缺性风险。本文对我国金融监管制度创新的必要性进行了分析,并从建立风险性监管制度、激励型监管制度、规范监管操作和监管行为、建立金融监管的再监督机制等方面提出了监管制度创新的设想。  相似文献   
93.
Summary. A law of scarcity is that scarceness is rewarded. We demonstrate laws of scarcity for cores and approximate cores of games. Furthermore, we show that equal treatment core payoff vectors satisfy a condition of cyclic monotonicity. Our results are developed for parameterized collections of games and exact bounds on the maximum possible deviation of approximate core payoff vectors from satisfying a law of scarcity are stated in terms of the parameters describing the games. We note that the parameters can, in principle, be estimated.Received: 21 November 2002, Revised: 7 October 2003, JEL Classification Numbers: C71, C78, D41. Correspondence to: Myrna WoodersThis research was initiated in 1994 when the first author was in the IDEA Ph.D. Program of the Autonomous University of Barcelona. Support by the IBM Fund Award, the Latané Fund, the University of North Carolina Research Council, and the Warwick Centre for Public Economics is acknowledged. The second author gratefully acknowledges the support of the Direccio General dUniversitats of Catalonia, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and the Department of Economics of the Autonomous University of Barcelona. This article is dedicated to Marcel (Ket) Richter, a distinguished researcher and a wonderful teacher and mentor to his students. We are delighted to contribute our paper to this special issue of Economic Theory in his honor.  相似文献   
94.
诱致性农业技术创新模型及中国农业技术变革的实证研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
历史上不同国家有多种农业增长路径。诱致性技术创新理论认为,那些劳动力丰富而土地资源贫乏的国家,应该走生物和化学技术进步的道路;那些劳动力稀缺而土地面积相对丰富的国家,应该走机械技术进步的道路。本文结合中国农业增长的实际数据对该理论作了一个实证检验,结合检验结果提出我国农业技术进步应该以生物和化学技术进步为侧重点,同时不能忽视机械技术进步。  相似文献   
95.
研究农民专业合作社盈余分配制度的形成机制具有重要的理论和现实意义。文章回顾了我国合作社盈余分配的现状及其相关研究,并从专用性和稀缺性的视角对盈余分配形成机制进行解释。研究认为,在要素的稀缺性变化情况下,交易额返还侧重于保护农产品生产环节的农户专用性投资,股金分红侧重于保护资金和技术所有者产后环节的专用性投资,"按交易额返还,资本报酬有限"则是在产中和产后的专用性投资保护中寻找一个平衡点。  相似文献   
96.
城市资源的破坏性利用是现阶段我国城市增长中迫切需要解决的问题,特别是土地资源的蔓延式、低效率使用现象。必须要在短时期内构建一个符合中国国情的城市增长管理机制,以高效合理利用城市土地资源,实现内涵式的城市增长机制。  相似文献   
97.
本文借鉴了资源品稀缺性理论、自然资源的最优利用开发理论以及资源耗竭理论的系列思想与方法,以此为基础提出了更为系统和复杂的“次序”观点,即从企业与社会两个利益视角、竞争性与垄断性两种市场结构来凸显能源开采所关联的“次序”问题,如能源采掘的跨时期选择、对不同品位矿床开采的次序选择以及从社会整体利益考虑的能源开采秩序调控等。本文有关能源开采“次序”的研究及所形成的观点丰富和拓展了构建在竞争性市场结构假设基础之上的最优耗竭理论的研究视野,“次序”优化理论的形成对于制定我国的能源资源开采政策具有重要的理论参考作用。  相似文献   
98.
    
Panic buying behaviour is inherently undesirable due to its detrimental impact on community's resources and disruptions to supply chain systems. The prevailing COVID-19 pandemic has seen a resurgence of this phenomenon across the world, leaving supermarkets in stockout situations. While panic buying is largely reasoned as a psychological reaction to an extreme event, it is also a socially relevant behaviour as our perception of a crisis can be shaped by our observations and interactions within the society. The social determinants of panic buying behaviour, particularly on how these factors heighten one's perception of scarcity, and trigger panic buying behaviour, are studied. A theoretical model is developed to explain panic buying behaviour in a social context by synthesizing various social and behavioural theories, and the inter-relationship among the latent constructs is analysed using the structural equation modelling approach. Accordingly, an online survey was administered and analysis of the data confirmed that non-coercive social influence, social norm and observational learning directly influence one's perception of scarcity. Additionally, perceived scarcity can motivate panic buying behaviour directly or indirectly through feelings of anticipated regret. This study has contributed to the limited literature on panic buying. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of panic buying will aid policymakers and businesses in developing intervention or support strategies to cope with such behaviour.  相似文献   
99.
张育斌  王静  王美姣 《价值工程》2015,34(8):124-125
本文通过对宁波年鉴统计数据和调研方式,对宁波市现有农业节水灌溉情况、存在的问题,利用诱致性技术选择和要素资源的稀缺性经济学理论,分析了宁波农业高效节水灌溉技术选择的原因,并提出了宁波农业高效节水灌溉技术发展对策和建议,有利于推进宁波高效节水之路。  相似文献   
100.
主体功能区建设是我国新时期区域发展重要战略之一,并将对我国空间结构产生长期影响,迫切需要科学理论支撑.在划分空间类型和界定空间结构内涵的基础上,提出空间需求多样性的概念,并探讨空间需求的动态演变规律.文章构建了空间供需模型,认为空间稀缺性和空间需求多样性共同作用的空间供需矛盾是产生空间结构失衡的主要原因,并指出进行功能区建设是化解空间供需矛盾和形成合理空间结构的主要途径.功能区建设应包括主体功能区建设和具体功能区建设,两者相辅相成,相互促进.  相似文献   
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