Second-party and third-party punishment in a public goods experiment

We experimentally investigate whether third-party punishment is more effective than second-party punishment to increase public goods contribution. In our experiment, third parties first played the standard public goods game and then made punishment decisions as independent bystanders. We find that third parties punished more frequently, severely and less antisocially, resulting in a higher contribution level than that driven by second-party punishment. The third party’s exaggerated emotion towards free riders is proposed to explain their superior punishment effectiveness.     

基于不同时期典型案例比较分析的货物贸易外汇业务违规趋势及建议

在不同外汇管理时期，货物贸易违规业务呈现多样化的特点。本文通过对四个外汇管理时期的典型案例比较，总结出贸易项下违规业务的动机、专业化水平和规避监管手段的变化趋势，揭示当前形势下货物贸易外汇监管难点，并提出针对性建议。     

Uniform or spatially differentiated? Pricing Strategies for Information Goods under simultaneous and sequential decision-making in multi-market context

Product pricing has been one of the central issues in the field of marketing and consumer services for managers and researchers alike. However, pricing of information goods has not been paid much attention in literature. For information goods the marginal costs of production and transportation of information goods (online movies, video games, etc.) is almost zero. Hence, the pricing decisions need to be thought of purely in competitive profit maximizing terms. This paper proposes mechanisms for managers to evaluate and base their pricing decisions on rational frameworks that takes into account various situations when they enter a new market and when they are incumbent in a new market. This paper addresses the research gap of spatially differentiated pricing strategy for information goods that has not been studied in literature so far. We create stylized theoretical models under both, sequential and simultaneous decision-making conditions. We determine the equilibrium price and the equilibrium profit for the two firms for each of the four possible scenarios based on their pricing strategies. Our analysis reveals that the dominance of one pricing strategy over the other depends on product differentiation factor capturing joint effect of the product substitutability and consumer's price sensitivity under sequential decision making and the market size along with consumer's price sensitivity for simultaneous decision making. As an extension, we propose a generalized model demonstrating the uniform and spatially differentiated pricing strategies of the firms under simultaneous and sequential selection for multiple domestic and international markets.     

逆比较优势进口高技术含量中间品与生产技术革新

科学刻画逆比较优势进口高技术含量中间品对生产技术革新的影响效应能为制定科学进口国外中间品和提升生产技术革新速度方面的政策提供有益参考,以剖析上述效应为目标的多维细致检验结果表明：首先,制造型和服务型中间品进口技术含量逆比较优势指数对生产技术革新的影响效应呈现倒U型,进口约2.5倍于自身比较优势水平技术含量的中间品能最大化中间品进口的生产技术革新功能,这一结论在多层面检验中均稳健成立。其次,中国中间品进口技术含量逆比较优势指数处于倒U型顶点的左侧正效应区间。对于动态比较优势持续提升的中国而言,在处理好“卡脖子”风险的基础上,可适度提升中间品进口技术含量,以更好地发挥中间品进口的生产技术革新功能。最后,倒U型效应具有非常强的稳定性,多维外部冲击均无法撼动倒U型效应。为此,倒U型效应可谓协调中间品进口和生产技术革新间关系的“铁律”。     

中国建立自由贸易港的实践探索

随着对外开放的深入推进,中国正在探索、实施具有中国特色自由贸易港的建设。中共十九大报告提出了“赋予自由贸易试验区更大改革自主权,探索建设自由贸易港”,为各地区建设自由贸易港提供了指引。在阐述自由贸易港范畴与特征及功能类型的基础上,探究了中国建立自由贸易港实践中面临的主要问题,进而提出了完善法律制度,明确自由贸易港法律定位;加大统筹推进,实现各地区互联互动;全方位发展,加强进口、转口贸易制度创新;加强服务贸易、数字贸易制度创新,推动自由贸易港国际化发展;建立公平贸易环境,提升中国在国际经贸领域的话语权等对策建议。     

捆绑销售浅析

捆绑销售作为一种有效的促销方式,无论对经营者还是消费者,都有积极的作用。但它也存在明 显的不足和弊端。在实际应用过程中,只有严格遵循基本原则,才能收到理想效果。     

河南省农村公共物品投资的经济增长效应研究

本文运用面板数据模型分析了河南省农村公共物品固定资产投资对农村经济增长的影响。固定效应模型表明,农村公共物品固定资产投资是造成地区间农业总产值差异的因素;随机效应模型表明,农村公共物品固定资产投资也是造成同一地区不同年份农业总产值变化的因素,即农村公共物品固定资产投资促进了农村经济增长。最后分析了河南省当前农村公共物品供给存在的问题及解决对策。     

大力发展农村合作组织 提高农村公共物品供给能力

随着农业税的取消,作为农村公共物品主要供给者的乡(镇)、村两级组织的收入大大减少,极大地影响了公共物品供给,严重制约了我国农村经济的发展和农民社会福祉的提高,成为构建社会主义新农村的一大瓶颈。文章认为,在新形势下,应充分认识到农村合作组织对缓解农村公共物品供给不足问题的重要作用,及时调整农村公共事业发展的思路,通过配套政策支持,大力发展农村合作组织,提高农村公共物品供给能力,以适应农村公共事业发展的需要。     

大国治理逻辑下地方公共收入机制的构建——基于公共物品有效供给分析

分税制框架下的现行地方公共收入机制,无论从增长效应还是从公平效应看,其制度设计均不利于促成地方政府有效供给公共物品。基于大国治理逻辑的一个理论基石是,促成公共物品有效供给的地方公共收入机制,需要融合独立性财权与权力制衡机制。据此,结合受益原则与支付能力原则,利于公共物品有效供给的地方公共收入机制构建,应在不触动当前政府间财政制衡设计的框架下,围绕权力确定、来源清晰,负担落实、征管优势、适度弹性原则,注重财产税、使用者费、地方公债三大收入形式的运用,并借助制度调整来增强地方独立性财权。     

中国新奢侈品营销策略研究

目前,中国正成为世界上重要而且快速增长的新奢侈品消费市场。新奢侈品消费已经显示出消费群体以中产阶层为主、消费形式网络化、情感体验型消费、消费由一线城市向二三线城市扩张等特征。基于新奢侈品利用新的消费者心理,将高质量商品消费大众化,将消费的物品提升为一种新的体验和享乐的趋势,中国应根据自身独特环境来选择适合的营销策略,采取突出品牌个性,加快整合多种传播渠道,实施差异化品牌传播与体验式营销,发展品牌战略联盟等措施。优化产品营销规划,正确引导消费者进行理性选择,推动消费升级。并在全球市场竞争中立于不败之地。