知识管理及其应用

知识管理就是在最恰当的时间传递最恰当的知识给最恰当的人,使他们能够做出最恰当的决策并避免重复性的劳动或重复性的错误;知识管理是一个整体的、综合的概念,包容了心理、组织、文化、信息技术等诸多方面的因素;知识管理系统地管理重要的企业知识以及知识的创造、收集、整理、传播和利用过程;知识管理需要将个人知识转变为企业知识,并在整个企业中以合适的方式进行应用和共享。它的实施是一个十分复杂的过程,涉及到企业管理的各个方面,对于不同的企业,实施的过程也不一样。     

Ownership concentration and corporate governance practices: substitution or expropriation effects?

The objective of this study is to analyze the relation between ownership concentration and corporate governance practices of a group of Canadian companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange. We rely on the corporate governance index developed by the Report on Business (ROB) in 2002. Our empirical results are consistent with the expropriation effect argument that predicts a negative relation between deviation from the one share‐one vote rule and corporate governance best practices. In this context, the dominant shareholder has incentives to maintain weak internal controls in order to facilitate expropriation. In addition, consistent with prior research, our results give partial support to the substitution effect argument by showing a negative impact of ownership concentration on the board composition subindex. Copyright © 2007 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

制造业与物流业联动发展的竞合关系研究--基于集成场的视角

随着物流功能的集成和制造过程的标准化发展,物流一体化服务逐步嵌入制造过程,直接服务于生产工位。然而,目前两业联动的研究局限于制造企业与物流企业间的关系,难以带动产业的联动发展,因此,制造业与物流业的联动研究应转向物流链与产品供应链的关系研究。文章基于非合作博弈和合作博弈模型,从集成场的视角,对制造集成体与物流集成体之间的竞合关系进行了分析,以非合作博弈模型的解作为谈判的基础,运用合作博弈模型,得出只有在双方选择集体理性的条件下,能够促进物流链与产品供应链的融合,并指出u 0,ν0, t 0, U四个参数影响两业联动的模式。     

The (International) Political Economy of Falling Wage Shares: Situating Working-Class Agency

This paper relates the financial and monetary dimensions of the contemporary economic crisis to working-class agency via a central concern of classical political economy: the distribution of surplus between the chief factors of production. The fall in the wage share of value added is now accepted as a stylised fact in the empirical economic literature. This paper argues that the punctuated pattern of the development validates the regulation theoretical narrative of an epochal shift from Fordism to finance-led accumulation. Furthermore, synthesising econometric studies supports a class-centred explanation. In the last instance, the falling wage share is due to successful transnational class rule in the form of a neoliberal hegemonic paradigm. Crucially, such class rule restructured the environment of trade unions, rendering increasingly ineffective its relational power resources. The paper concludes by considering the contradictory implications for organised labour of the current financial crisis. On the one hand, the financial crisis offers an opportunity to link its particular interests to the general interest of macroeconomic management since low wage share inhibits growth rates. But how might trade unions assert a higher wage share in the face of the structural power of (financial) capital?     

电厂分散控制系统备件协同管理模式研究

本文认为,目前电厂分散控制系统备件管理普遍采用的单个企业自行计划、采购和存储的管理方式,一方面造成大量库存,另一方面又存在应急备件不能及时到货的风险。文章提出,在同一行业内实行电厂分散控制系统备件一体化管理,即通过共同出资组建专业化备件协同管理中心,以信息化服务平台为核心,协同采购、共享库存、统一配送、专业化服务的管理模式,改变单个企业在备件管理上所处的被动局面。协同管理模式具有资金需求少,备件价格低,专业化程度高,应急速度快的优点。     

Brand competition in CPG industries: Sustaining large local advantages with little product differentiation

In direct competition between national brands of consumer packaged goods (CPG), one brand often has a large local share advantage over the other despite the similarity of the branded products. I present an explanation for these large and persistent advantages in the context of local competition on perceived quality or brand image. The main result of the analysis is a relation between varying degrees of product similarity and equilibrium outcomes of local share advantages. Namely, I find that asymmetric quality positioning and associated local share advantages emerge especially when competing brands are objectively similar. Conversely, local share asymmetries based on brand positioning occur less when brands are dissimilar. This paper provides two reinforcing intuitions for this result. First, if brands are objectively similar, different levels of investment in local quality perceptions co-exist in equilibrium in the same market, because this investment is often borne as fixed cost. Also, early movers will invest in high perceived quality, whereas late movers have less incentive to invest because of demand sharing and increased price competition. Second, if the local advantages are shared by competitors across markets, the persistence of these advantages is reinforced by multimarket contact. Even when local brand building is free, firms may not want to improve perceived quality in their “weak” markets if it initiates retaliation by the competition in their “strong” markets. The increase in multimarket profits from collusion is large when the products are similar, because price competition looms large.

上市公司增发新股机制的经济学分析

上市公司增发新股是一种正常的融资行为,然而分析表明,我国上市公司增发新股信号传递机制是失败的,即绩差型上市公司比绩优型上市公司更容易增发成功。因此,为了提高增发过程中信号传递的有效性,促进我国证券市场再融资过程的健康发展给出一些政策建议。     

一对一:新世纪市场营销发展的新趋势

当今市场营销范式正从大众营销向一对一营销转变。和大众营销相比,一对一营销注重顾客份额而不是市场份额,细分顾客到个体的程度而不是群体的程度,与顾客对话与协作而不是“我说你听,我做你买”,将产品传递给顾客而不是将顾客推向产品。实施一对一营销要创建顾客管理机构,识别顾客的需求和价值,整合顾客数据库,进行批量定制生产。     

Is your brand''s loyalty too much, too little, or just right?: Explaining deviations in loyalty from the Dirichlet norm

This paper formally investigates the factors that relate to the deviations of brand's actual loyalty levels from theoretical norms in packaged goods markets. An aggregate measure of brand loyalty, share of category requirements, commonly tracked by marketing managers is used for this analysis. The comparison is conducted against the estimated share of requirements provided by the well established Dirichlet model of purchasing behavior. We posit that a brand's positioning strategy and marketing mix can influence the magnitude and the direction of the deviation from the norm. We use a two step modeling procedure where we first compute the deviation from the norm for each brand and subsequently conduct a regression analysis of this brand-level data to test the proposed hypotheses. We find that on average, brands that cater to some market niche, are bought in higher quantities, have lower prices, promote to a lesser extent, and have shallower price-cuts and enjoy higher than expected loyalty levels. We discuss possible implications of these results and offer guidelines that managers can use to better assess both the actual and the theoretical loyalty levels of their brands.     

我国上市公司股票回购研究

股票回购在发达国家早已是一种非常成熟的资本运作方式,而在我国却是一项金融创新的举措。我国资本市场股票回购,虽刚刚起步,但亦日益成为人们关注的焦点。股票回购对我国资本市场具有现实意义。目前,我国上市公司股票回购的实践中存在较大的障碍和急待解决的问题,为此,必须采取相应措施。