Why do retail consumers buy green apparel? A knowledge-attitude-behaviour-context perspective

Consumers' increased knowledge and awareness of environmental issues have not translated into a pervasive rise in purchasing green apparel, resulting in a phenomenon known as the ‘attitude-behaviour gap’. The current study seeks to explicate this gap by examining the drivers of green apparel buying behaviour. Towards this end, the study examines the association of environmental knowledge, green trust, and environmental concern with environmental attitude and green apparel buying behaviour. It further investigates the association of labelling desire and labelling satisfaction with this type of buying behaviour as well. In addition, the study uses the theoretical lens of the knowledge-attitude-behaviour model and attitude-behaviour-context theory to anchor its hypotheses. Cross-sectional data from 387 Japanese consumers analysed to test the conceptual model revealed that green trust, environmental attitude, and labelling satisfaction are positively associated with green apparel buying behaviour. Furthermore, green trust, environmental concern, and environmental attitude partially mediate the proposed associations, while age and gender moderate the association between environmental knowledge and environmental concern. The study's empirical insights thus lay the foundation for future research in this area and provide strategically relevant inferences for green apparel marketers and retailers.     

从公共财政角度看缩小我国贫富差距

公共财政是与市场经济相适应的财政模式,公共财政不完善的市场经济也不是完善的市场经济。从公共财政的功能来看,财政理应在缩小贫富差距方面发挥主要作用,但是目前我国财政在这方面的实际表现却不尽如人意。文章认为,合理界定财政支出范围,理顺财政分配顺序,调整财政支出的区域结构,减少行政经费支出,加大对社会保障、＂三农＂领域和分配的支持与调节,是缩小我国贫富差距的路径。     

财政支农与城乡收入差距——基于2000-2009年省际面板数据的实证分析

自2004年以来,针对"三农问题",我国政府采取一系列以财政手段为主的支农惠农政策,但是城乡居民收入差距水平仍然拉大。基于2000-2009年间省级面板数据的估计结果显示:我国的财政支出显著拉大了城乡收入差距水平。尽管财政支出中的支农支出比例的上升对城乡收入差距的影响为负,但结果并不显著,即财政支农对缩小城乡收入差距效果并不显著。我国城乡收入差距不断拉大的原因仍然是政府采取的城市偏向型政策。     

The gender wage gap among China’s rural–urban migrants

In this study, we present new empirical evidence on gender wage differences among rural–urban migrants in China. We use a data set that includes migrants residing in urban communities and those living at their workplaces—the latter were not included in the previous studies. We find that the gender wage gap among migrants is 16%–18% and does not differ between migrants living at workplaces and those living in urban communities. However, gender differences in industry sorting play a more important role for migrants living at their workplaces, whereas differences in education and experience are of importance for those living in urban communities. Overall, differences in the returns to characteristics are the main driver of the gender wage gap, especially for migrants living in urban communities.     

Double-edged effects of the technology gap and technology spillovers: Evidence from the Chinese industrial sector

This paper proposes a new insight that the technology gap plays double-edged roles in the technology spillovers of foreign direct investment (FDI) through two channels, technology choice set and technology absorptive capability. Applying a multiple-threshold model, we examine the non-linear relationship between the technology gap and technology spillovers based on the provincial panel data of the Chinese industrial sector during 1993–2006. The empirical results support the hypothesis of two thresholds, which are 0.3071 and 0.5214 in terms of the technology gap respectively. The estimated thresholds indicate the sufficient absorptive capability is the premise for FDI technology spillovers. Moreover, it implies the marginal decrease of FDI technology spillover effects in the long run.     

基于消费角度的城乡收入差距分析

在经济的快速发展过程中,消费和收入之间存在着密切的关系。文章运用GE指数及要素分解方法,从消费的角度对收入差距进行分解,分析消费对城乡收入差距的贡献。然后,从居民消费倾向、消费率和消费结构三个方面对城乡收入差距的演变做出进一步的计算分析,从而提出改善居民消费结构、提倡适度消费等缩小城乡收入差距的建议。     

我国现阶段收入分配差距问题探析

改革开放为我国社会经济的发展带来了生机,国民总体收入和生活水平有了大幅提高,但与此同时,居民收入差距却呈现出不断扩大的趋势。主要表现为城乡收入差距不断扩大、地区收入差距不断扩大、行业收入差距不断扩大以及社会居民收入的两极分化趋势。造成目前我国居民收入差距不断扩大的原因是多方面的,其主要原因表现在经济体制转轨及其渐进性、经济发展中的政策倾斜、分配领域中的政策缺位以及灰色收入的大量存在等。过大的收入差距将影响我国城乡和地区的统筹发展,挫伤广大劳动群众的积极性,甚至影响到社会的稳定。应该从思想上正确认识公平与效率的关系,进一步调节过高收入,惩治腐败和非法收入,努力提高低收入者的生活水平。     

中国潜在产出测算比较

潜在产出指一个经济体在非加速通货膨胀的情况下,现有劳动力、资本和技术所能实现的生产水平。潜在产出对制定宏观经济政策有重要意义,在实践中应注意几个方面:一要充分考虑各地区的差异性,以保证政策最大的适用性。二要不断完善统计工作,实现统计数据的科学化和规范化,为科学研究打下良好基础。三要注重人力资本投入,增加教育投资。     

外商直接投资、技术溢出与相对工资差距

本文从技术溢出的角度考察了外商直接投资对相对工资差距的影响。FDI主要通过两种技术溢出渠道作用于相对工资差距：其一为FDI引致的进口贸易而产生的技术溢出,其二为外资企业在当地从事生产、经营活动而产生的技术溢出。基于我国省际面板数据的实证研究分析表明：FDI的两种技术溢出渠道均扩大了我国的相对工资差距,但存在区域差异。     

收入分配视角下经济增长与环境质量的关系

利用2003—2010年中国省级面板数据,将城乡收入差距的基尼系数作为衡量收入差距的指标,并将该指标作为主要的解释变量引入线性计量模型,使用主成分分析方法设计反映环境质量的综合指标,探讨了中国经济增长与环境质量之间的关系。研究结果显示:收入分配不公并不必然带来环境质量恶化,城乡收入差距与环境质量之间存在显著的负向关系;随着人均产出的上升,环境质量逐渐得到改善,"倒U型"的环境库兹涅茨曲线并不存在;地方政府对环境保护的重视程度会显著影响一个地区的环境质量。