Building Innovation Excellence of World Class: The Cluster as an Instrument of Spatial Governance in the European Union

European spatial governance is becoming an intriguing mix of ideas from the economic, political and cultural spheres. This article asserts that, in the EU's spatial planning, the cluster is increasingly part of a hybrid spatial politics, here named the ‘cluster gaze’, based on the interplay of innovation‐oriented political rationality and spatial governance. To study this process, the article provides an empirical investigation into selected EU documentation. The investigation is based on two perspectives. First, the cluster is analysed as a mediating instrument to stimulate and rescale transnational market developments in the EU. Second, the cluster is studied as an instrument of spatial management — one that builds on a business managerial ethos and endorses a specific hierarchical spatial imaginary and a cluster evidence base to assess the productivity and efficiency of European clusters. Both of these perspectives pave the way for a European ‘politics of cluster excellence’ that is about the constant sharpening of cluster practices, continuous evaluation and ranking, and the enhancement of cluster performance to rise from the ‘European league’ towards the ‘world class’.     

Asymptotics for Autocovariances and Integrated Periodograms for Linear Processes Observed at Lower Frequencies

One of the most frequently used class of processes in time series analysis is the one of linear processes. For many statistical quantities, among them sample autocovariances and sample autocorrelations, central limit theorems are available in the literature. We investigate classical linear processes under a nonstandard observation pattern; namely, we assume that we are only able to observe the linear process at a lower frequency. It is shown that such observation pattern destroys the linear structure of the observations and leads to substantially different asymptotic results for standard statistical quantities. Central limit theorems are given for sample autocovariances and sample autocorrelations as well as more general integrated periodograms and ratio statistics. Moreover, for specific autoregressive processes, the possibilities to estimate the parameters of the underlying autoregression from lower frequency observations are addressed. Finally, we suggest for autoregressions of order 2 a valid bootstrap procedure. A small simulation study demonstrates the performance of the bootstrap proposal for finite sample size.     

应对不确定性：危机传播管理的博弈与创新

现代危机具有的不确定性让危机传播面临更大的挑战,不确定性越大,危机就越来越难以被预测,社会管理者就失去了观测和制定传播计划的主要依据,这令作为公共危机传播管理者的政府经常面临两难选择。危机的不确定性很大一部分来源于媒体融合环境的不确定性,这使现代危机传播的整个过程也变得不确定。政府作为现代危机传播者,必须对危机传播过程中的不确定性有充分的认识,在危机传播和应对的过程中灵活博弈,把握传播机会,创新传播方法。     

基于省域物流联盟体系的物流布局问题研究

我国在物流布局建设过程中由于缺乏系统和整体的规划论证,造成资源浪费、效率较低的不良局面。遗传算法在功能区布局中的加入,使模型的考虑因素更加客观、可量化。以省域物流联盟体系为研究对象,应用遗传算法进行物流中心的布局研究和分析,最后将该方法应用于河北省的物流中心布局。     

基于GIS的物流中心选址

论述了传统的物流中心选址方法的一些局限性,提出了一种新的选址方法――基于GIS的物流中心选址,介绍了GIS的空间查询、空间分析、网络分析等功能在物流中心选址中的应用。最后,总结了这种选址方法的一些优缺点。     

Economic convergence: Policy implications from a heterogeneous agent model

In this paper we study the effectiveness of different types of cohesion policies with respect to convergence of regions. A two-region agent-based macroeconomic model is used to analyze short-, medium- and long-term effects of policies improving human capital and fostering adoption of technologies in lagging regions. With fully integrated labor markets the human capital policy positively affects the economically stronger region but reduces production in the targeted weaker region. Subsidies for high technology investment in the weaker region have a positive local output effect and a negative effect on the neighboring region, thereby fostering convergence. When labor markets are not integrated both policies support convergence.     

Solving the income fluctuation problem with unbounded rewards

This paper studies the income fluctuation problem without imposing bounds on utility, assets, income or consumption. We prove that the Coleman operator is a contraction mapping over the natural class of candidate consumption policies when endowed with a metric that evaluates consumption differences in terms of marginal utility. We show that this metric is complete, and that the fixed point of the operator coincides with the unique optimal policy. As a consequence, even in this unbounded setting, policy function iteration always converges to the optimal policy at a geometric rate.     

产业融合视角下物流金融协同发展研究

物流金融是在中小企业融资需求,物流企业和金融机构拓展业务、谋求高收益的现实背景下新兴的一种融资模式。它是一种实现物流企业、金融机构和融资企业三方共赢的融资模式。由于信息不对称和各业务主体短期逐利动机的存在,物流金融业务存在着巨大的信用风险。依据协同理论,物流金融的发展有赖于相关各方的积极协调配合、各个主体长期的有效协同行为以及跨行业信息平台的建立。     

上海市区商业等级空间的结构与演变

以上海为例,选取上海各个等级商业中心作为研究对象,探讨其发展演变特征和机制,预测未来商业的空间发展趋势,针对当前商业发展中出现的问题提出建议.研究认为,改革开放以后,由于经济水平提高导致的居民购买力下移、城市和交通的发展、消费行为方式的变化等要素的影响,使上海商业中心业态类型多样化,商品种类丰富,综合功能提高,并出现了以空间上的郊区化、等级上的社区化、结构上的扁平化为特征的新的发展趋势.对如何加强社区商业发展、市级商业中心建设、大卖场的合理规划等问题进行了讨论,并提出设想和发展思路.     

中国重点工业行业空间变化特征

改革开放以来,在政府政策和市场力量的双重推动下,我国产业结构不断升级的同时,工业地图也发生了深刻的变化。选取了1993—2008年来对我国经济增长贡献率最高的四个工业门类：电子信息制造业、钢铁产业、化工产业和汽车制造业。深入刻画了四个行业空间变化的历程及现状分布特征。这四个行业从一定程度上均反映出改革开放以来,我国工业空间分布从＂遍地开花＂到向沿海省份集聚的共性特征。