Job growth in early transition: Comparing two paths*

Small start‐up firms are the engine of job creation in early transition. We ask about differences in their growth across two different transition economies: Estonia, which experienced rapid destruction of pre‐existing firms, and the Czech Republic, which reduced the old sector gradually. We find that the majority of job growth corresponds to within‐industry reallocation. The within‐industry growth of small start‐up firms is similar in the two countries, in line with the convergence to Western industry firm‐size distributions. We also find similar patterns in the evolution of wage differentials between start‐ups and old firms and small differences in the extent of low‐wage employment in start‐ups across the two transition paths. JEL Classifications: J2, J3, J4, L1, O1, P2.     

The distributional impact of unification and the 1992–93 recession on West German households

The 1992–93 recession in the western states of Germany has been attributed, in substantial measure, to the macroeconomic consequences of policies to finance unification. Studies of the costs of unification have not attempted to measure the burden of the recession. We estimate a dynamic, panel model of household incomes using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) and use it to forecast what these incomes would have been in 1992–94 without a recession. Using a ratio of actual to forecast incomes, we compare the relative burden of the recession across households. Our findings suggest that western households below the median income bore the brunt of the combined impact of unification and the recession of 1992–93.
JEL classification: P3, D3, E3.     

社会主义市场经济的矛盾和问题

市场经济的主要矛盾是生产与消费的矛盾，它决定商品与货币、供给与需求、总供给与总需求的矛盾。社会主义市场经济的主要矛盾是社会主义制度与市场经济体制的矛盾。当前存在的主要问题是生产相对过剩、消费需求不足，分配不够公平、贫富差距过大，市场秩序混乱、腐败现象严重，资源消耗过度、环境状况恶化，等等。只有正确处理社会主义市场经济的矛盾和问题，处理好公有制和私有制、计划与市场、效率与公平、自力更生与对外开放等各方面的关系，才能促进国民经济又好又快地发展。     

江苏居民收入分配差距及其治理分析

改革开放以来,江苏居民收入普遍提高,人民生活得到很大改善,但近年来居民收入开始出现差距并且日益扩大,已成为影响社会稳定和经济发展的重要问题。文章首先分析了江苏居民收入分配的现状,然后剖析了影响居民收入分配差距过大的成因,在此基础上提出了防止居民收入差距过大的治理对策。     

Bayesian MCMC Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci in a Half-sib Design: a Graphical Model Perspective

Graphical models provide a powerful and flexible approach to the analysis of complex problems in genetics. While task-specific software may be extremely efficient for any particular analysis, it is often difficult to adapt to new computational challenges. By viewing these genetic applications in a more general framework, many problems can be handled by essentially the same software. This is advantageous in an area where fast methodological development is essential. Once a method has been fully developed and tested, problem-specific software may then be required. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the potential use of a graphical model approach to genetic analyses by taking a very simple and well-understood problem by way of example.     

武汉市人口与零售商业网点分布优化配置研究

本文根据湖北和武汉统计年鉴等资料中的人口数据和社会商品零售额数据 ,拟合出反映人口分布和商业网点分布的计量模型。然后根据模型的含义 ,并综合考虑其它影响商业网点配置的因素 ,提出适合武汉市人口分布的商业网点优化配置的合理性建议     

论新形势下收入分配中"效率与公平"关系

“效率与公平”是收入分配中一对永恒的矛盾。应当根据不同时期经济社会发展的形势采取不同的指导方针,作者根据当今社会经济发展的新形势,提出了调整收入分配上的“效率优先”原则,改行效率与公平并重,实现效率与公平的统一。     

人口规模与教育资源配置良性互动机制的动态仿真

我国人口规模与教育资源配置形成了恶性循环。以社会宏观动力学为分析框架, 基于2000—2019年面板数据,采用Vensim PLE软件,构建人口规模与教育资源配置互动机制系统动力学模型。研究表明：2024年开始,人口规模下降速度将逐年加快,教育市场将出现结构性萎缩,教育资源投入总量和速度将提高;人口规模对生产水平敏感;教育资源市场配置对人口增速、权力巩固程度、权力中心化程度、物力教育资源敏感。基于研究结论,提出两者良性互动的调适策略：保持经济高质量发展,降低生育养育成本;将生育权还给家庭,全面放开生育;巩固“双减”政策成效,引导教育需求;降低权力中心化程度,利用教育市场优势;加大教育资源投入,促进优质教育资源均衡。     

江西省重要应急物资储备库空间优化配置

气候变化和快速城镇化所引致的各种自然灾害等突发事件时有发生,为减缓这些突发事件带来的后果或损失,需要构建有效的应急管理体系和应急物资储备。针对江西省重要应急物资储备库的布局建设,考虑布局建设多个省级区域库,采用规划布局和优化布局的方式对其进行布局研究,分别应用规划服务指派和优化服务指派两种方式实现重要应急物资的服务指派。研究结果表明,江西省省级区域库的优化布局和优化服务指派方案能有效缩减平均服务距离和最远服务距离,提升应急服务的均衡性和可及性。     

借鉴国外经验 加快商品物流配送现代化步伐——日本、韩国物流配送特点研究及其启示

通过对日本、韩国物流配送业的现代化技术设施和管理方法的深入了解和研究,认为我国必须学习借鉴国外先进经验,加快物流配送业的现代化步伐。提出了加快我国商品物流配送业现代化的见解。