农地入股合作社的立法理念更新

兼顾土地承包经营权作为用益物权的自由支配属性和土地承包经营权的生存权保障功能,是当前学术界主张的农地入股的主流立法理念。但是,基于此立法理念进行的制度设计,既可能面临实施的困境和法理上的自相矛盾,也可能会导致入股者享有的农地增值收益权、融资担保权、征收补偿权和农地发展权严重受限或者受损。而将农地入股的立法理念更新为对农民生存权和发展权的双重关怀并以此构建相关制度,不仅可以弥补当前农地入股主流立法理念及其制度设计的缺陷,有化解农地入股中的一系列二元主义争议,而且还有充分的法理根据和现实依据,有利于实现农地入股合作社的立法价值。     

Rental markets for cultivated land and agricultural investments in China

The purpose of this paper is to empirically track the progress and consequences of the emergence of cultivated land markets in China since 2000. We draw on a set of nationwide, household‐level panel data (for 2000 and 2008) and find that the markets for cultivated land rental have emerged robustly. According to our data, 19 of China's cultivated land was rented in farm operators in 2008. We also find that the nature of China's cultivated land rental contracts has become more formal and lengthened the period of time that the tenant is able to cultivate the rented‐in plots. While there may be benefits for lessors and tenants, our data show that there are falling rates of investment in organic manure. The farmers in our sample have reduced organic manure use from 13 tons/ha in 2000 to 5 tons/ha in 2008. Part of this fall is due to the rise of cultivated land rental markets. The analysis, however, does not find that improved property rights in cultivated land rental affect investment largely because property rights have largely been established by 2000, the first year of our sample. Our results, however, also show that there are forces that appear to be mitigating the negative consequences of rising cultivated land rental. After holding constant initial rental rates and other factors, we find that the gap between investment in organic manure in own land and rented‐in land is narrowing. One interpretation of our findings is that if policymakers can find ways to even further strengthen the rights of lessors and tenants as well as lengthen contract periods, farmers—even those that rent—will invest more in their land, because they will be able to capture the returns to their investments.     

基于影像图的土地利用现状分析方法——以浙江大学紫金港校区为例

该文系统介绍了一种基于影像图的土地利用现状分析方法,并将此方法应用于浙江大学紫金港校区,得出该校区各地类占地面积及土地利用指标,为相关研究提供参考。     

加强合同管理是国有企业依法治厂的关键

企业经济合同管理是企业管理的重要组成部分，是联结企业外部经营活动和企业内部各管理环节的纽带，同时也是协调企业外部经济关系，改善和加强企业间协作关系的重要手段。只有加强企业的法制教育、设置精干高效的合同管理机构、建立健全完善的合同管理制度，才能够加强合同管理。只有加强合同管理，企业的生产经营活动才能够处处依法办事。只有依法办事，才能够依法治厂。     

以“三建”发挥班子核心引领作用 促进国有企业科学发展——以广西投资集团有限公司为例

文章介绍了广西投资集团有限公司坚持把加强领导班子建设,发挥核心引领作用作为党建工作的重点,通过建机制、建队伍、建环境,为企业发展注入了强劲动力,有效促进了企业的科学发展。     

Systems approach to pro-poor land reforms: A concept paper

There has been renewed interest in the academic discourse on land reforms due to recent high profile works suggesting a positive correlation between reforms and poverty reduction. Land is held under different tenure regimes in different regions, countries and communities. These are often in the form of community tenure, state tenure, individual tenure or a mixture of two or three of them. However, land reformers are in constant debate as to which of the three offers the most appropriate pathway to poverty reduction. The policy outcomes of such debates have been to superimpose one tenure option over the other in differing situations. This article conceptualises a metaphorical approach to land reforms grounded on general systems theory. It advocates for contextualised methodological rigour and an approach to land reforms reliant on the influencing variables of alternative land tenure regimes as opposed to wanton superimposition of one form of tenure over the other.     

城市边缘区空间重构的驱动机理研究述评

20世纪70年代以来,全球生产方式变革和资本积累体制变迁推动着我国快速城市化进程中社会经济体制转型和城市空间重构,城市边缘区作为城市空间增长的前沿阵地和社会异质性最强的地域类型,其驱动机理研究成为当前世界城市研究的热点。西方相关研究在结构-行为-社会行动者三个维度上不断实现理论整合,但考虑到我国独特的制度演化路径和社会经济结构,城市边缘区空间重构机理的构成和运作方式迥异于国外。国内当前研究成果偏重于宏观结构性驱动因素分析,而在相对微观的行为因素和关系因素研究方面还有待深入。因此,强化空间重构的行为过程和社会行动者关系研究,对于推动城市边缘区空间整合与社会融合,研拟空间重构调控策略具有非常重要的理论价值和现实意义。     

Different Roles of Land in Rural-Urban Migration： Evidence from China＇s Household Survey

This paper explores the influence of land holding on rural–urban migration using China's 2008 household survey data. It shows that the contradictory findings of existing published literature can be explained by introducing a migration distance variable. The empirical studies show that land holding plays a different role in short‐distance and long‐distance migration. Land holding has a U‐shaped curve association with the probability of short‐distance migration and has an inverted‐U‐shaped association with the probability of long‐distance migration. Therefore, the government needs to provide more job information and migration subsidies to farmers who have little land to overcome difficulties in the process of migration so as to reduce rural–urban inequality.     

Slippage Effects of the Conservation Reserve Program

Each year, billions of dollars of public funds are expended to purchase conservation easements on farmland. One unintended impact of these programs is that they may bring non-cropland into crop production. Such a slippage effect can be caused by increased output prices and by substitution effects. This article shows that for each one hundred acres of cropland retired under the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in the central United States, twenty acres of non-cropland were converted to cropland, offsetting 9 and 14% of CRP water and wind erosion reduction benefits, respectively. Implications of these results for the design of conservation programs are discussed.     

Unplanned rural living and its policy implications: Some findings from Bundaberg,Australia

Research conducted in the Bundaberg Region in north-eastern Australia sought to explain the pattern of unplanned rural living and to assess whether its impacts are adverse enough to warrant land use policy change. It found there was limited conversion of suitable sugarcane land to ‘unplanned’ rural living during the 1980–2000 period. Parcels converted to unplanned rural living during this period were, on average, much smaller, had lower agricultural production potential, and were situated in more undulating and forested landscapes further from Bundaberg than parcels that remained in sugarcane production.