企业研发网络的特征和结构模式分析

企业研发网络成为企业获取研发资源、缩短技术开发时间、减少研发投资费用与分散风险的有效组织形式。本文在界定企业研发网络概念内涵的基础上,分析了企业研发网络的开放性、多元化、广泛性、协同性、动态性、平等性等特征,构建了企业研发网络的基本结构框架图,进而分析了构成企业研发网络的各结点的功能。     

Demystifying the Meese–Rogoff puzzle: structural breaks or measures of forecasting accuracy?

Structural breaks have been suggested by several economists as a possible explanation for the Meese–Rogoff puzzle, in the sense that an exchange rate model can outperform the random walk in terms of the out-of-sample forecasting error if the period under investigation is free of structural breaks. The results indicate that structural breaks cannot explain the inability of the flexible price monetary model to outperform the random walk. The only plausible explanation for the Meese–Rogoff puzzle is that forecasting accuracy is traditionally assessed by magnitude-only measures. When forecasting accuracy is assessed by alternative measures that do not rely exclusively on the magnitude of error, the monetary model can outperform the random walk regardless of the presence or otherwise of structural breaks.     

长江经济带对外贸易竞争力水平测度及比较研究

对标贸易强国建设目标,本文结合省市参与国际贸易的实际特征,将已有国家层面对外贸易竞争力测算方法应用于省市对外贸易竞争力的测评工作中,对长江经济带各省市对外贸易竞争力水平开展测度及比较分析。本文研究发现,无论是分别考察进出口情况还是考察综合贸易竞争力,长江经济带下游三省市的对外贸易竞争力水平均要显著高于中游和上游地区,但其水平发展的波动性十分明显。进一步的结构分解结果显示,区域内上海、重庆的进出口贸易竞争力水平变化均取决于综合价格水平贡献,而其余省市进出口某一方面的竞争力水平变化则依赖于贸易份额的贡献。分产品类别对对外贸易竞争力水平的比较结果显示,长江经济带下游三省市的主要产品类别均在区域内实现了较高的进出口及综合对外贸易竞争力;中游四省市在发展对外贸易的过程中,约有一半类别的产品达到了区域内贸易水平的前列;而上游省市主要在个别产品类别上实现了较优的竞争力水平。     

Testing of unit roots and other fractionally integrated hypotheses in the presence of structural breaks

Tests of unit roots and other nonstationary hypotheses that were proposed by Robinson (1994) are applied in this article to the Nelson and Plosser's (1982) series. The tests can be expressed in a way allowing for structural breaks under both the null and the alternative hypotheses. When applying the tests to the same dataset as in Perron (1989), we observe that our results might be consistent with those in Perron (1989) when testing the nulls of trend-stationarity or a unit-root. However, we also observe that fractionally integrated hypotheses may be plausible alternatives in the context of structural breaks at a known period of time. Final version received: August 2000/Final version accepted: August 2001 RID="*" ID="*"  The author gratefully acknowledges the financial support from the European TMR grant No. ERBFMRX-CT-98-0213. Comments of two anonymous referees are also acknowledged.     

Evaluating Projects and Assessing Sustainable Development in Imperfect Economies

We are interested in three related questions:(1) How should accounting prices be estimated?(2) How should we evaluate policy change in animperfect economy? (3) How can we check whetherintergenerational well-being will be sustainedalong a projected economic programme? We do notpresume that the economy is convex, nor do weassume that the government optimizes on behalfof its citizens. We show that the same set ofaccounting prices should be used both forpolicy evaluation and for assessing whether ornot intergenerational welfare along a giveneconomic path will be sustained. We also showthat a comprehensive measure of wealth,computed in terms of the accounting prices, canbe used as an index for problems (2) and (3)above. The remainder of the paper is concernedwith rules for estimating the accounting pricesof several specific environmental naturalresources, transacted in a few well knowneconomic institutions.     

基于制度的C2C电子商务信任实证研究

本文在电子商务信任和制度经济学相关理论的基础上,对C2C在线交易中用户制度因素感知有效性和用户信任之间的关系采用结构方程模型进行了实证分析。结果表明,这一关系模型拟合度良好;C2C用户对电子商务法律和技术的有效性感知,对第三方中介有效性的感知都将对用户的可靠性信念有着正向影响;用户对在线声誉反馈机制有效性的感知不但对用户的交易可靠性的信任信念有着正向影响,还将影响其对对方善意的信任信念。     

The relationship between stock prices and exchange rates in South Africa and Nigeria: structural breaks analysis

The relationship between stock prices and exchange rates has continued to generate interest from both the academia and financial industry players for many years. This study conducts an empirical investigation into the relationship between stock prices and exchange rates for the two largest economies in Sub-Saharan Africa – South Africa and Nigeria. Our methodology accounts for structural breaks in the data and the long-run relationship between stock and foreign exchange markets. The results of multivariate causality tests with structural breaks showed that causality runs from exchange rates to domestic stock prices in Nigeria (flow channel) while in South Africa, no causality exists between domestic stock prices and exchange rates. The results also reveal that there is causality from the London stock market to both countries’ stock markets, thus showing that international stock markets are driving both the Nigerian and South African stock markets.     

产业结构、就业贡献率与就业增长——基于云南省第三产业的实证

通过产业结构偏离度的分解和比较,对云南第三产业就业进行实证分析,较充分论证了云南第三产业还有很大的吸纳就业的潜力,并指出了就业有效增长的第三产业内部行业的选择.研究表明:(1)近10年,云南一、二、三产业的就业贡献率分别为27.8%、2.2%、69.9%,新增就业岗位的69.9%由第三产业提供,第三产业产值每增长1个百分点,平均增加就业岗位就达1.56万个,比第二产业多0.9万个;(2)云南第三产业在发展的同时没有充分发挥其吸纳就业的能力,还有很大的就业吸纳空间;(3)批发零售贸易餐饮业、社区服务业将是云南第三产业扩大就业的主要行业,而交通运输仓储及邮电通信业则很难有较大吸纳就业的空间.     

2006年诺贝尔经济学奖得主菲尔普斯理论述评

本文介绍了2006年诺贝尔经济学奖得主埃德蒙·菲尔普斯的主要理论贡献。他在宏观经济政策跨期权衡分析、“黄金律”与经济增长、宏观经济政策的“短期—长期”分析、“自然率”、构建宏观经济学的微观基础,以及结构性萧条与繁荣等诸多领域进行了开创性的研究。菲尔普斯的理论和主张对西方经济理论和经济政策的研究都有十分重大的影响,对我国宏观经济问题和政策的研究有一定借鉴意义。     

金融发展理论中“金融发展”涵义的演进

戈德史密斯（1969）和爱德华·肖（1973）分别对发达国家和落后国家的金融发展状况进行了实证研究，得出了落后国家经济之所以落后，主要是因为其金融发展与发达国家之间存在着明显的差异的结论，由此提出了金融深化的观点，标志着金融发展理论的形成。在金融发展理论的指导下，许多落后国家纷纷改革其金融体制，推行金融自由化，以促进其金融发展。然而20世纪90年代以后，全球金融危机的频繁爆发，引起了人们对金融发展理论的反思。金融发展理论的再度兴起，使金融发展的涵义不断得到丰富与发展，金融发展涵义从结构观、制度观向功能观和环境观逐步演进。