Productivity spillovers through backward linkages: The role of the origin of investors and absorptive capacity of domestic firms

We argue that multinationals from different home countries have different technologies and input sourcing behavior. These differences impinge on potential productivity spillovers through backward linkages of multinationals and such effects also differ across host local firms depending on their absorptive capacity. Using a panel of Cameroonian manufacturing firms over the period 1993 to 2005, we find supportive evidence of these arguments. There is a negative relationship between the presence of American and European affiliates in downstream sectors and the productivity of Cameroonian firms in the supplying industries and a positive correlation in the case of Asian affiliates. The absorptive capacity of Cameroonian firms mainly explains these divergent results.     

Sign here,please! On developing countries’ market access conditions in regional trade agreements

Have regional trade agreements (RTAs) improved market access conditions for developing countries? Employing a measure expressing effective tariff margins and using disaggregated panel data for a sample of 45 developing country exporters, 60 export destinations, and the period between 1991 and 2015, it is shown that this question can generally be answered in the affirmative. Although the effect is estimated to be moderate, RTAs might thus be an important long‐run building block in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in order to increase developing countries’ participation in world trade. On closer inspection, however, for the countries included in the sample, there is considerable variation depending on the choice of integration partners and economic sectors. More specifically, market access improvements cannot be found for African economies in South–South agreements and developing countries engaging formally with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) or the Republic of Korea, while leading industrialized nations are reluctant to grant improved market access to developing countries in RTAs especially in capital‐intensive (high‐productivity) manufacturing sectors.     

Inbound open innovation in biopharmaceutical firms: unpacking the role of absorptive capacity

In this study, we extend recent attempts to clarify the role of antecedents of absorptive capacity in realising purposive inflows of external knowledge in the biopharmaceutical industry. By assuming that internal R&D resources contribute to absorptive capacity as a multidimensional concept, we propose a framework for the integrated analysis of the interactions between the different antecedents of absorptive capacity and inbound open innovation of biopharmaceutical firms. Our analysis relies on a set-theoretic approach and uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to study a set of selected Italian biopharmaceutical firms. The analysis reveals that biopharmaceutical companies with a diversified R&D business domain and an extended entrepreneurial scientific network are likely to adopt an inbound open innovation strategy.     

Product innovation and sustainable marketing: effects on consumer innovativeness

Based on the theory of sustainable marketing and time cognition, this study constructed a theoretical model among product innovation, sustainable marketing, time perspectives, and customer innovativeness. Using a sample of 290 consumers in China respond to a new energy vehicle, this paper examines the influence of firm's product innovation on customer innovativeness through the paths of sustainable marketing and time perspectives. The results showed that product innovation positively affected three dimensions of sustainable marketing, which then had different effects on present and future time perspectives. Time perspectives positively affected consumer innovativeness. According to the findings, this study discussed implications for theory, practice, and future work.     

Linking corporate sustainability and innovation in supply chain management – evidence of a Taiwan leading glass recycling company

This empirical study presents a combination of insights from corporate sustainability practices, supply chain management, and innovation literature, and a case study to discover new understandings on factors influencing firms to incorporate sustainable innovation initiatives into their supply chain practices. There is an apparent lack of literature in this field due to its modernity and evolving nature. Also, there is a lack of insights into how firms could translate sustainable innovation initiatives into practice. This study addresses this gap by examining a successful glass recycling company through the lenses of sustainable innovation context and the Global Reporting Initiative G3 Guideline framework. Primary data are collected through observations and in-depth interview before it is coded and analysed using nVivo. The findings show that sustainable innovation practices are mainly directed at improving the technological processes, resource sharing, and reduction of production cost among supply chain partners. A conceptual sustainable innovation framework is also proposed. This study contributes to sustainable innovation literature by providing insights into the evaluation of a firm's innovative sustainability efforts.     

基于视觉景观分析的哈尔滨历史城区容量控制研究

历史城区是城市区域中历史建筑保存最为完整、环境特色最为鲜明的区域。在城市更新的过程中,如何在保护历史建筑及环境的基础上,限定城区的合理容量是历史城区保护的核心任务。以哈尔滨南岗历史城区为例,结合城市设计理论及视觉景观分析方法,选定视觉景观控制要素,建立以景中视点与景外视点2个层级控制的分析框架,采取定性与定量分析相结合的方式对历史城区的容量进行评定,并从建筑高度和容积率指标方面对历史城区容量进行控制引导。     

Environmental Appraisal and Environmental Policy in the European Union

Revisions to the European Treaty of Union require some form of environmental appraisal – primarily risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis – of regulatory initiatives by the European Commission. A retrospective look at the emergence of environmental appraisal also shows that, while the Commission has made great advances in introducing cost-benefit or cost-effectiveness appraisals in recent years, past environmental decisions and overall environmental policy have not been informed by systematic appraisal techniques. Nor is it clear what role is now being played by risk assessments. While it is impossible to gauge the extent to which systematic appraisal procedures will save on regulatory and compliance expenditures, some indications are provided of the costs of past neglect of these procedures.     

Research Frontiers in the Economics of Climate Change

Academic and policy debates over climate change risks and policies have stimulated economic research in a variety of fields. In this article I briefly discuss eight overlapping areas of current research in which further effort is particularly warranted. These areas include decision criteria for policy; risk assessment and adaptation; uncertainty and learning; abatement cost and the innovation and diffusion of technology; and the credibility of policies and international agreements. Further analysis in these areas not only will advance academic understanding but also will provide insights of considerable importance to policymakers.     

盐城自然保护区的经济开发与保护

由于缺乏自然保护意识,人们在盐城自然保护区经济开发活动中,对滩涂自然资源造成了极大的浪费,对生态环境造成了严重的破坏。因此,本文在分析当地经济活动现状的基础上,提出如何引导人们的开发活动实现经济发展和自然资源持续利用的协调统一的具体措施。     

浅谈责任制渔业

本文从“责任制渔业”的提出、概念与管理以及《责任制渔业的国际行为准则》的制订与内容等方面,介绍了各国在专属经济区或公海进行捕捞活动应遵守的原则和标准