Risks and Uncertainty Analysis on International Logistics

With the development of globalization, more and more companies are under global operation. What coming with it, on one hand is chance and opportunity; on the other hand is risk and uncertainty. This paper aims to specify the potential and current risks and uncertainty that may be met in international logistics, then seeks some practical methods to dodge and solve them.     

美国对华出口管制与美对华贸易逆差:实质与对策

本文运用实证分析方法,对美国对华技术出口管制的历史和现状进行较为系统、深入的分析研究．指出美国对华技术出口管制是造成美对华贸易逆差的主要原因;并就促进美国对华技术出口、实现中美贸易平衡问题,提出了对策和建议。     

Review on the Study of the Allocation of Corporate Control in Enterprise Theory

With the establishment of a modem corporate system, the separation of ownership and management appears in the company. The rational allocation of corporate control between different behavioral agents has attracted more and more attention. This paper points out that scholars have studied the allocation of corporate control from the angles of the agency cost theory, property rights theory, corporate finance theory, and the theory of corporate governance, which has great value. However, the existing theories also have some flaws on the allocation of corporate control. First, people still have different understandings and views over the meaning of corporate control. Secondly, the existing research theoretically only observes and studies an arrangement of sheer level control, the allocation between final control and real control. This paper argues to build the two-tier allocation of corporate control： The first tier relation is between ultimate control rights and actual control rights, the second tier relation is between indirect control rights and direct control rights which are in actual control rights. This study can explain the resource allocation effects of corporate control, promote the development and improvement of the theory of the firm.     

The willingness to pay–willingness to accept gap: A failed replication of Plott and Zeiler

The well-known willingness to pay–willingness to accept (WTP–WTA) gap refers to the observation that individuals attach a higher value to objects they own (WTA) than to objects they do not own (WTP). We report on experiments to re-investigate the possibility that the WTP–WTA gap arises from subject misconceptions due to experimental procedures as suggested by Plott and Zeiler (2005). The contribution of this paper is two-fold: first, we attempt to replicate the findings by Plott and Zeiler that the WTP–WTA gap disappears when using procedures that are aimed at reducing misconceptions, such as extensive training and practice rounds for the BDM mechanism. However, we fail to do so as the WTP–WTA gap persists in the main task where subjects state their WTA or WTP for a mug. Second, we use the paid practice rounds to identify subjects without apparent misconceptions and find that also for those subjects who never make dominated choices in the lottery tasks, the WTP–WTA gap in the mug task exists. Thus, we find no evidence of the idea that subject misconceptions are the main source of the WTP–WTA gap.     

“中国模式”的蜕变

1840年以前,中国用自身原创的理论治理和发展国家,创造了一套古老的‘‘中国模式”。1840年,古老的“中国模式”被打破,中国开始不断向外部世界学习治国之道。中国共产党以马克思主义为指导,以中国特色社会主义理论为框架,将这种向外部世界的学习推进到最高阶段,取得了巨大成就。但中国特色社会主义,其理论核心是外来的马克思主义和古代中国传统文化,从本质上讲仍然是一种通过向别人和古人的“学习”而推动的发展模式。未来,中国共产党应该逐渐创造出原生的,先进的,具有吸引力的智力财富,以此解决自身问题,突破自身瓶颈,完成从“学习”到“自身创造”的蜕变。     

征税成本领先性假设与中国税务组织结构优化——兼析中国国税、地税机构是否存在合并趋势

本文从征税成本领先性假设出发探讨了中国税务组织结构的优化问题 ,并分析了社会各界广泛关注的中国国税、地税机构是否存在合并趋势的问题。本文在对中国现行税务组织机构运行绩效考察的基础上 ,发现中国征税成本曲线呈抛物线状 ,表明中国征税成本正呈递减趋势。以此为出发点 ,本文详细论证了中国国税、地税机构不存在合并的趋势 ,相反 ,分设更为彻底却是今后的发展趋势 ,得出了与一般看法不同的结论 ,并对优化中国税务组织结构提出了政策建议     

经济学家对剩余认识的分歧说明了什么

自魁奈提出"纯产品"学说以来,经济学家对剩余认识的分歧一直难以弥合,这是由他们对剩余研究的目的决定的,但万变不离其宗的是,研究剩余的来源或源泉都是为了给剩余的归属即剩余的占有找到更"合理"的出路,与剩余的真正来源无关.由他们所戴的理论有色眼镜所决定,经济学家把剩余的来源分为劳动说、创新说、不确定性说和监督说.劳动说体现的是社会公平正义,创新说注重的是激励,不确定性说强调了企业家的责任,监督说意在减少偷懒.只要我们不怀任何偏见,这些不同的学说就会为解决目前的经济发展与收入分配矛盾提供有效的思路和方法.     

论西部大开发中重庆产业布局调整及发展战略

经济结构调整是区域经济可持续发展的重要保证，产业布局调整则是经济结构调整的重要方面。依据重庆市情、劳动地域分工、建设长江上游经济中心要求和重庆实施西部大开发战略基本思路，划分和界定重庆三大产业区，以此作为产业布局调整的一种地域形式，在综合评价三大产业区产业现状和发展优势基础上，对三大产业区产业发展战略进行初步探索。     

欧盟建设技术创新联盟的做法和经验

推进产学研相结合,关键是要建立产学研一体化的有效运行机制。欧盟拥有良好的教育和研究体系,是世界研发创新的重要一极。为促进创新,欧盟创立了欧洲创新与技术研究院,旨在以知识创新共同体为核心,有效整合大学、科研机构和企业的研发创新资源。对欧洲创新与技术研究院的组织形式和运作模式进行了研究和分析,该研究院在培育科技创新与创业复合型人才及促进成果转化等方面进行了创新化探索,取得了良好的效果。     

ON TECHNOLOGY COMPETITION: A FORMAL ANALYSIS OF THE ‘SAILING-SHIP EFFECT’

One of the key features of our economies consists of the coexistence of different technologies supplying similar products and services. We often observe that an old technology is improved when a new one appears; behind this process of improvement often lies an intentional research activity. There thus begins a competition between the two technologies whose performances are improved via R&D. We focus our attention on this competition process and supply a formal model, based on the optimization of R&D expenditure of both technologies, which can describe the dynamics of the delayed overtaking of the new technology over the old one.