Structure of Comparative Advantage of China and India： Global and Regional Dynamics

This paper investigates the extent of competition between China and India in the world and ASEAN markets. The analysis is undertaken using the concept of revealed comparative advantage, relative market shares, long‐term trend analysis and statistical tests of convergence. In the context of the ASEAN market the evaluation of competition between India and China has been undertaken with special reference to the prior implementation of the ASEAN‐China Free Trade Area relative to the ASEAN‐India Free Trade Area. The results suggest that threat perceptions at the product level might currently prevail for both economies from each other across all sectors in both markets even though the intensity of the competitive threat varies across products. However, long‐term trend analysis shows that the patterns of comparative advantage of India and China are evolving along divergent paths and, therefore, competition between the two economies might not be a major issue.     

Citizens’ adaptive or avoiding behavioral response to an emergency message on their mobile phone

Abstract

Since November 2012, Dutch civil defense organizations employ NL-Alert, a cellular broadcast-based warning system to inform the public. Individuals receive a message on their mobile phone about the actual threat, as well as some advice how to deal with the situation at hand. This study reports on the behavioral effects of NL-Alert (n = 643). The current risk communication literature suggested underlying mechanisms as perceived threat, efficacy beliefs, social norms, information sufficiency, and perceived message quality. Results indicate that adaptive behavior and behavioral avoidance can be predicted by subsets of these determinants. Affective and social predictors appear to be more important in this context that socio-cognitive predictors. Implications for the use of cellular broadcast systems like NL-Alert as a warning tool in emergency situations are discussed.     

从飞机与高铁的瑜亮之争看交通工具的替代品威胁

针对高速铁路开通后对相应飞机航线产生冲击,导致航线萎缩、停飞的现象,本文从消费者角度出发,选择了价格、速度、载客量、每日开行班次、安全性、准点率、机场/车站环境与服务、机/车内环境与服务、购退票方式、机场/车站交通接驳便利度等10个指标,并按照重要程度为各指标赋予权重,以京沪线为例,对两种交通工具进行了比较。结果是高铁以相对优势胜出。从而得出结论：在运行时间5-6小时区间内,高铁在性价比上占优,飞机只能立足于更远程的运输市场。同时对飞机运输提出了开辟海岛航线和加大中西部航线等发挥自身优势的建议。     

When do threats mobilize managers for organizational change toward sustainability? An environmental belief model

In pursuit of counteracting today's environmental problems, corporate management will have to implement organizational changes factoring in sustainability, which is why it is important to understand exactly what leads managers to initiate these changes. It has been established that managers' personal values are critical for their behavior and that threats to these values can mobilize managers to change their actions. However, when confronted with environment-related threats, managers may face value conflicts and various tensions between their aim to implement sustainable changes and their desire to fulfill business requirements of their job positions. Only recently have researchers begun to investigate the underlying beliefs that may lead managers to initiate organizational change toward sustainability. Borrowing theoretical assumptions from the domain of health psychology (from the well-established health belief model), the present conceptual article develops an environmental belief model that specifies when exactly threats lead managers to initiate organizational change. The environmental belief model proposes that environment-related threats trigger change (i) when managers believe that their firms are susceptible to these threats, (ii) the threats are considered as serious for the company, (iii) the perceived benefits of the change outperform (iv) the perceived barriers, and when there is (v) an external cue (e.g., an information campaign). All these propositions are supported with empirical findings from business contexts. Besides theoretical advancement on the role of environmental threats as precipitators of organizational change, the model provides guidance on how to frame environment-related threats that will mobilize managers for organizational change toward sustainability.     

Freedom restriction and non-member customers’ response to loyalty programs

In loyalty program (LP) literature, research on how non-loyalty program members would react to preferential treatment is scarce. Nested within reactance theory, this paper suggests that negative customer responses arise due to the perceived threat to freedom and that the effects are moderated by the importance of freedom and relationship norms. Through two 2 × 2 between-subjects-design experiments, our results indicate that when the perceived threat to freedom of receiving LP benefits is high, non-member customers show increased anger, decreased attitude towards the company, and decreased intention to revisit. Similar results are observed when a company presents the image of building a communal relationship with its customers and when non-member customers perceive a high threat to freedom in terms of receiving the LP benefits. Both studies indicate that the interaction effects are less pronounced when non-member customers perceive a low threat to freedom of receiving the LP benefits.     

浅谈计算机网络的不安定因素以及相关安全对策

随着信息产业的高速发展,计算机网络也迅速普及,渗透到我们生活的各个角落。然而,网络自身固有其脆弱性,并且中国的网络信息技术起步较晚,给网络安全带来诸多潜在的威胁。本文针对影响计算机网络系统安全的主要因素,结合实际工作进行分析,并提出相应的对策进行探讨。     

面向内部威胁的中观信息系统内部控制管理研究

以“内部威胁”的防御为切入点,以“数据挖掘算法”为关键技术,以中观信息系统的审计决策与内控评价为研究目标,结合中观审计与信息系统审计的应用环境,构建“内部威胁”视角下“中观信息系统内控管理的模型”,并在此基础上,力求建立适用于我国中观经济特色的信息系统内部控制管理体系。     

胁迫威胁下的审计独立性问题研究

审计独立性是决定审计质量能否得到保证和审计目的能否实现的关键因素。在我国,审计人员受被审单位管理当局胁迫而出具不实审计报告的问题十分突出,胁迫威胁的存在严重地影响了审计的独立性。本文试图通过博弈分析来专门探讨经营者的胁迫威胁对审计人员独立性的影响,并据此提出保护审计独立性的有效手段。     

Does capital structure differently affect incumbents' responses to entry threat and actual entry?

Some theories predict that firms with higher financial leverage compete more aggressively in product markets than firms with lower financial leverage, whereas others predict that lower‐leverage firms compete more aggressively than higher‐leverage firms. This paper studies how incumbent airlines' capital structure affects their responses to Southwest Airlines' entry threat and actual entry. The results indicate that, when responding to entry threat, lower‐leverage incumbents cut prices more aggressively than higher‐leverage incumbents; in contrast, when responding to actual entry, higher‐leverage incumbents cut prices more aggressively than lower‐leverage incumbents.