交易所年报问询能提升上市公司盈余质量吗？——基于深交所数据的实证分析

在上市公司公告年报后,交易所会组织专业人员对年报进行审核,并针对可能的疑问向上市公司发放年报问询函,要求公司回复并公开披露。基于这一制度背景,以深交所A股上市公司为研究对象,针对2014年至2017年间年报被问询的上市公司进行研究,发现在控制其他因素后,当年度年报被交易所问询的公司,其盈余管理程度更高、盈余质量更差,表明交易所在年报审核中是有的放矢的,关注到此类盈余质量更差的公司;同时发现,国有控股公司被问询的可能性低于非国有控股公司,表明交易所在年报问询中可能存在偏倚现象;进一步检验发现在年报被问询后,公司次年的盈余管理程度依然较高,盈余质量并未得到改善,年报问询这一非处罚性监管措施在改善盈余质量方面的监管效果有限。     

“内部治理”与“外部监管”：国有股东在民营企业并购中的双重身份

以混合所有制改革为背景,采用2005—2018年沪深A股民营上市公司数据,考察民营企业中引入国有股东参与治理对其并购过程中代理成本的影响,并分析二者之间的作用机制。结果显示：国有股东能够以外部大股东和政府监管者的双重身份,通过加强内部治理和外部监管的作用显著降低民营企业并购过程中的代理成本,其中,委派董事可以缓解第一类代理问题;股权制衡可以缓解第二类代理问题。这种作用关系在地区法制化水平、行业竞争程度和内部控制质量低的情况下更为显著。     

冬季油田压裂供水技术的研究及应用

石油是现代工业的“血液”,是国家生存和发展不可或缺的战略资源,对保障国家经济和社会发展以及国防安全有着不可估量的作用。油田钻井开发工程中的体积压裂技术在低渗透油田的开发中有着显著的增产效果,压裂供水是压裂作业的重要组成部分。我国西北地区冬季气候寒冷,为保障压裂作业在冬季正常开展,冬季的压裂供水研究和应用,对油田钻井开发具有重要的意义。     

浅谈T3连接线项目环水保管理控制

高速公路建设规模大、建设周期长、资源消耗集中,与社会进步、经济发展和环境条件密切关联,对于环境保护和水土保持既有积极作用,又有消极影响。论文主要结合中川机场T3航站楼连接线建设项目环水保管理方面的一些经验和做法,探讨高速公路建设项目环水保在施工阶段的管理控制要素,提出了环水保标准化管理的建议,供高速公路及其他建设项目的环境保护和水土保持管理提供参考。     

浅析电气工程的质量控制和安全管理

近年来,随着我国社会经济的快速发展,城市化进程随之加快,各行各业的建设规模都有所扩大,尤其是工程建设项目。在工程建设项目中,电气工程的重要性尤为突出。因此,论文着重论述了如何提高电气工程的质量,以及如何对电气工程进行安全管理。     

后疫情时期承德产业集聚对经济高质量发展效应的实证研究

随着后疫情时期的到来以及经济高质量发展的不断推进,承德产业分工受到了较大影响。增强经济“韧性”,加速产业空间集聚,成为承德后疫情时期经济战略方向的重要考量。论文通过构建VAR模型,实证研究承德产业集聚对经济高质量发展的动态效应,结果表明:产业集聚对经济高质量发展具有周期性循环往复效应,制造业与公共服务业集聚效应显著,制造业专业化集聚的贡献率最大。因此,要加大对制造业、公共服务业等产业的支持力度。     

Top executive gender diversity and financial reporting quality

We examine whether gender diversity of chief executive and chief financial officers (CEOs and CFOs) is associated with financial reporting quality. The CEOs and CFOs of publicly traded companies are both required to certify the appropriateness of their financial statements and annual disclosures. We argue that gender diverse dyads (groups) of executives can bring different perspectives and professional skepticism to financial reporting. Using a sample of different CEO/CFO gender dyads during 2006–2019, we postulate and find evidence of higher accruals quality among firms led by gender-diverse dyads compared to accruals quality reported by firms led by all-male CEO/CFO pairs. Additional analyses reveal that the auditors of firms with gender-diverse executive dyads issue audit reports later, charge higher audit fees, and are more likely to be one of the Big 4 firms. These findings support the view that top executive gender diversity enhances financial reporting quality, which has important implications for corporate governance mechanisms.     

CEO power and annual report reading difficulty

We examine the impact of CEO power on reading difficulty of corporate annual reports. We find that CEO power is positively related to reading difficulty, implying that annual reports of corporations with powerful CEOs are difficult to read and understand. More importantly, we find that the relation between CEO power and reading difficulty is moderated by earnings performance or corporate governance. Additional findings suggest that this relation becomes stronger for firms with lower financial reporting quality or for CEOs with shorter tenure. Our study not only joins the debate on the consequences of powerful CEOs but also uncovers several factors that moderate the relation between CEO power and annual report reading difficulty.     

An Econometric Estimation of Industrial Water Demand in France

This study investigates the structure of industrial water demand byestimating the derived demand for water on a sample of industrialestablishments located in the south-west of France. Productiontechnologies are represented by short-term variable cost functions andapproximated by a translog form. Industrial water use is modeled ashaving three components: the quantity of water bought to a waterutility, the quantity of autonomous water and the quantity of watertreated prior to use. We include in this framework water effluents,which are considered as a by-product of the production process, emittedby firms. Each of the three water components is treated as a separateinput and all are estimated as a system of simultaneous equations. Themodel is estimated on a sample of 51 industrial plants in the Girondedistrict observed from 1994 to 1996 using Seemingly Unrelated Regression(SUR) and Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS). Results ofestimations show that industrial firms are sensitive to water priceinputs. Network water elasticity is estimated at –0.29. It variesfrom –0.10 to –0.79 according to the type of industryconsidered. Autonomous water price elasticity is not significant.Elasticity for treated water is evaluated at –1.42 at themean-sample and varies from –0.90 to –2.21 according to theindustry considered.     

Post OPA-90 Vessel Oil Transfer Spill Prevention: The Effectiveness of Coast Guard Enforcement

Although oil spills from tanker accidents receive the most publicity, most vessel spills are not the result of accidents but of oil transfer activities. We investigate determinants of the size of vessel oil transfer spills as well as the effectiveness of Coast Guard enforcement activities in reducing their size. Vessel out-of-water and in-water oil transfer spillage functions are estimated utilizing tobit regression and detailed data on individual vessel oil transfer spills as well as Coast Guard safety/environmental enforcement activity data for the 1991–1995 period. Our estimation results suggest that Coast Guard hull but not machinery inspections are effective in reducing both out-of-water and in-water spills; patrols by air, but not by boat, are effective in reducing out-of-water spills; but neither is effective in reducing in-water spills. The results also show that the type of vessel (oil- and non-oil-cargo), vessel characteristics, vessel operations, weather/visibility conditions, and waterway type are determinants of post OPA-90 vessel oil transfer spills.