Wildlife Damage and Agriculture: A Dynamic Analysis of Compensation Schemes

We study the environmental and economic consequences of introducing a program to compensate peasants for damages caused by wildlife. We show that the widely held belief that compensation induces wildlife conservation may be erroneous. In a partially open economy, compensation can lower the wildlife stock and result in a net welfare loss for local people. In an open economy, compensation can trigger wildlife extinction and also reduce welfare. We identify the conditions leading to a reduction of the wildlife stock and discuss the implications for current and planned compensation programs in Africa and Asia.     

Property Rights and Natural Resource Conservation. A Bio-Economic Model with Numerical Illustrations from the Serengeti-Mara Ecosystem

This study develops a model for wildlifemigrating seasonally between a conservationarea and a neighbouring area. When beingoutside the conservation area, harvesting takesplace by a group of small-scale farmers. Thelocal people have two motives for harvesting;to get rid of ``problem' animals as roamingwildlife destroys crops and agriculturalproducts, and hunting for meat and trophies.Depending on the specification of the propertyrights, the harvesting is legal or illegal. Itis demonstrated that it is far from clear whichof the two property rights regimes that givesthe highest wildlife abundance. Hence, contraryto what is argued for in the literature,handing the property rights over to the localpeople means not automatically more wildlifeand a more ``sustainable' resource utilization.The reason lies in the nuisance motive forharvesting. The exploitation under the twodifferent property rights regimes areillustrated by numerical calculations with datathat fits reasonable well with the exploitationof the wildebeest population in theSerengeti-Mara ecosystem.     

山东省保护鸟类资源现状及保护对策

山东省现有国家重点保护鸟类５５种,隶属７目１０科,其中属国家一级保护种有白鹳、黑鹳、白、白尾海雕、金雕、灰鹤、丹顶鹤、白枕鹤、白头鹤、白鹤、蓑忌鹤共１２种;属国家二级保护鸟类有４３种;对我省这些鸟类的分布,居留情况和濒危现状做了报道,并提出了保护对策。     

Participant crowding and physical contact rates of whale shark tours on Isla Holbox,Mexico

Whale shark tourism is a growing niche market within the marine wildlife tourism sector. Increased visitation and declining whale shark numbers at some tourism sites worldwide raise questions over the long-term sustainability of this industry. This study examines the social and potential biological impacts of “swim-with” whale shark tourism on Isla Holbox, Mexico. A total of 397 tour participants completed a self-administered questionnaire regarding perceived crowding, reported encounters and encounter norms, as well as self-reported physical contact rates with whale sharks. Relatively high physical contact rates suggest that tourism may cause some harm to sharks. Users who encountered more swimmers than their norm felt significantly more crowded and were more likely to perceive the industry as having a negative impact on the sharks and surrounding environment. However, the results suggest that the number of boats in the whale shark viewing area may have a greater influence on crowding than number of swimmers. Management interventions to improve the sustainability of the industry include improved interpretation and guide intervention, achieving higher compliance with existing guidelines, and limiting the number of boats allowed in the whale shark viewing area.     

刍议我国野生动物资源保护的经济手段

野生动物资源是一种稀缺资源,其公共物品属性决定了这种资源的外部性。针对野生动物资源保护问题,采用经济学理论研究方法,分析了野生动物资源成为稀缺资源的外部性成因;通过对野生动物资源保护手段的划分,着重界定并评价了我国野生动物资源保护的经济手段。     

文化多样性与野生动物保护的冲突:挪威野狼管理述评

本文介绍了挪威在濒危物种野狼保护中遇到的问题以及政府采取的平衡措施 ,提出了文化多样性与野生动物保护之间的冲突问题     

我国野生动物资源保护收费补偿机制研究

基于对野生动物资源保护收费补偿原理分析,以及对我国现行的野生动物资源保护收费制度的阐述,提出改善我国野生动物资源保护收费补偿制度优化的具体措施,通过确定征收对象和范围、收费的征收类型和收费的定价方法等规范和建立“我国野生动物资源生态效益补偿收费制度”。     

Improving the Cost-Effectiveness of Ecosystem Management: An Application to Waterfowl Production

Species conservation is an important global policy issue. The design of cost-effective species conservation programs requires resource managers to choose from a suite of conservation activities and sites. This article determines cost-effective conservation strategies for waterfowl using a bioeconomic modeling framework, which is developed using a biological simulation model for waterfowl and regression analysis. The model accounts for ( a ) a broad range of land-use and direct wildlife conservation activities, ( b ) the effect of landscape heterogeneity, and ( c ) interactions between conservation activities. Results indicate that accounting for the three factors listed above can improve the cost-effectiveness of waterfowl conservation on agricultural land.     

对野生动植物资源经营利用产业化的认识与思考

野生动植物资源的经营利用以野生动植物资源为基础,在社会需求以及整个社会对野生动植物资源的价值和利用的认知和道德准则的推动下,逐渐形成产业。在分析了现行野生动植物保护与管理的法律法规政策对野生动植物经营利用产业化的影响后,提出了构建我国野生动植物经营利用的产业组织体系、建立有效的动力机制和法律法规政策的保障机制以及市场诱导机制来促进我国野生动植物资源的持续利用。