中美出版物和音响产品市场准入WTO争端案述评

美国就中国影响出版物和视听娱乐产品的贸易权和分销服务措施提出与中国WTO争端解决。本文对专家组裁定及上诉机构裁决做了归纳。最后就本案的核心问题(如对中国入世服务贸易承诺表的解释,GATT第20条例外是否可适用于中国入世议定书)进行了简要评析。     

路径依赖的作用:家庭联产承包责任制的建立与演进

人地比例、耕作技术、土地产权制度之间的互动循环导致了中国历史时期土地产权制度演进中路径依赖的形成。中国目前人口与资源（土地）之间的紧张关系就是历史时期土地产权制度演进的结果，这一约束条件决定了中国土地产权制度只能是朝着更加周密细致地保证农民土地长期使用权与收益权的方向演进。从公社一级到三级所有、大队为基础，到三级所有、队为基础，再到家庭联产承包责任制的建立，直至承包期限由短期变为长期，由15年变为30年。这一步步的演进都是朝着保证农民土地长期使用权与收益权的方向回归，显现出制度变迁过程中路径依赖的作用。由于历史时期土地产权制度演进的影响，家庭联产承包责任制完善的方向应该是土地国家终级所有的前提下，强化农民现有土地长期使用权，并通过法律手段保证土地使用权的转让。     

Semi-parametric discrete choice measures of willingness to pay

A semi-parametric discrete choice method is proposed to recover welfare measures from individual choice data. The proposed method is compared with the traditional binary choice models in an application to measure benefits of recreation trips.     

Eliciting Willingness to Pay without Bias using Follow-up Certainty Statements: Comparisons between Probably/Definitely and a 10-point Certainty Scale

Correction for hypothetical bias using follow up certainty questions often takes one of two forms: (1) two options, “definitely sure” and “probably sure”, or (2) a 10-point scale with 10 very certain. While both have been successful in eliminating hypothetical bias from estimates of WTP by calibrating based on the certainty of yes responses, little is known about the relationship between the two. The purpose of this paper is to compare the two using data from three field experiments in a private good, dichotomous choice format. We compare four types of yes responses that differ in the criterion used to determine if there is sufficient certainty for a hypothetical yes response to be considered a true yes response. We make several comparisons, but focus on determining which values on the 10-point scale give the same estimates of WTP as “definitely sure” hypothetical yeses and real yeses (actual purchases). Values that produce equivalence are near 10 on the certainty scale.     

基于公平角度的房价合理性研究——以江苏某市为例

房价问题已经成为社会关注的焦点,建立科学的房价合理性评价指标体系成为当前亟待解决的重要问题。许多研究者认为房价收入比是比较合理的方法,本文认为用房价收入比衡量房价合理性不符合当前中国的实际,存在三个方面的缺陷。科学的评价体系必须能够反映收入结构、支出结构和住房供应结构的差异,以机会均等作为房价合理的判别准则。按照这一设想,本文提出了以“住房负担能力、住房机会指数和住房机会均等指数”为核心的房价合理性评价指标体系,并对2005年江苏某市房价合理性进行了实证分析,提出了改善其房价合理性的相关建议。     

Experience seeking: A subjectivist perspective of consumption

The present research examines consumer behavior from a subjectivist perspective. In a phenomenological sense consumption consists of the generation of internal thoughts and|or sensations, which constitute the content of experience. The sociopsychological characteristics of consumers who primarily seek cognitive stimulation (cognition seekers), sensory stimulation (sensation seekers), novel stimulation (noveltry seekers), or are seekers of all three forms of experience (experience seekers) are delineated. Preliminary causal rationales for each type of consumption are put forward based on these findings.     

外国银行存款保险制度中若干问题的法律思考

银行存款保险制度自1933年在美国实施以来,已为世界上70多个国家所效仿,其在避免因银行倒闭引发储户挤兑、保障存款人存款安全及维护金融秩序稳定方面,确实功不可没。但是,一些国家银行存款保险制度中存在的“道德风险”、“逆向选择”及“大则不倒”等问题,客观上影响了存款保险制度功效的发挥。为此笔者提出了实施基于风险的差别费率制及采取强制性投保方式等法律对策。     

The NHS Plan: Accounting for investment and reform in twenty acute hospital trusts in England (1998–2003)

The National Health Service (NHS) Plan published in 2000 summarised Labour's commitment to modernising the NHS in England. The NHS would receive substantial additional funding bringing expenditure on health, as a share in national income, to levels comparable with a European average. The promise of secure financing from government promised to reduce uncertainty and facilitate medium term resource planning in the NHS. Extra funding, as outlined in the NHS Plan, would also be tied into capital and labour process reform(s) to ensure that investment translated into the much needed additional capacity to treat patients. During the period 1998–2003 funding for an average acute hospital has increased 50% in cash terms satisfying expectations set out in the NHS Plan. It is now an appropriate time to review progress. Using information collected for 20 acute hospitals, selected on the basis that they had started and completed PFI projects in the period 1998–2003. This paper constructs a physical and financial audit which is then used to reveal the degree to which acute hospital finances are now secure and the extent to which physical capacity to treat patients has been robustly transformed.     

大学生低碳旅游感知价值、参照群体及参与意愿之关系研究

低碳旅游活动在全国范围内的有效展开,离不开当代大学生的积极参与和推广。基于对全国范围内大学生的网络调查数据分析,构建了大学生低碳旅游感知价值、参照群体与参与意愿的结构方程模型,并进行关系验证。研究结果表明:(1)感知效用对大学生低碳旅游参与意愿具有显著的正向影响,而感知便利对大学生低碳旅游参与意愿的正向影响在本研究中没有得到验证。(2)次要参照群体对大学生低碳旅游参与意愿的正向影响显著,而主要群体对大学生低碳旅游参与意愿的正向影响在本研究中没有得到验证。研究认为,大力创造并宣传低碳旅游的利他与利己价值,形成良好的大学生低碳旅游感知效用体验,发挥学校环保社团或者协会组织的参照群体作用,可以提高大学生低碳旅游参与意愿。