Road infrastructure and economic development in the periphery: the case of A55 improvements in North Wales

This paper examines the impact of a major road improvement programme on the economic development of North Wales. The paper identifies the economic impacts of the road on a selection of firms and organisations in North Wales, and provides a modelling framework to examine the static and dynamic effects of road improvements. Road improvements across North Wales are found to be a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for economic development in this peripheral area.     

系统评估过程研究

通过系统及其目标的定义、议题及其目标的确立、指标及其性能标准的选择、指标的测量及其图形的绘制、指标的聚合、绘制指标图并评估其结果等步骤,构建系统评估过程模型,并以区域可持续发展系统为例,进行区域可持续发展评估。     

A Cross‐national Comparison of R&D Expenditure Decisions: Tax Incentives and Financial Constraints*

We provide evidence on the impact of tax incentives and financial constraints on corporate R&D expenditure decisions. We contribute to extant research by comparing R&D expenditures in the United States and Canada, thereby exploiting the differences in the two countries' R&D tax credit mechanisms and generally accepted accounting principles. The two tax incentive mechanism designs are consistent with differing views of the degree of financial constraints faced by firms in these economies. Our sample also allows us to explore the effects of capitalizing R&D on Canadian firms. Employing a matched design, we document relations between tax credit incentives and R&D spending consistent with both Canadian and U.S. public companies responding as though they are not financially constrained. We estimate that the Canadian credit system induces, on average, $1.30 of additional R&D spending per dollar of taxes forgone while the U.S. system induces, on average, $2.96 of additional spending. We also find that firms that capitalize R&D costs in Canada spend, on average, 18 percent more on R&D. Collectively, this evidence is important to the ongoing debates in both countries concerning the appropriate design of incentives for R&D and is consistent with the assumptions found in the U.S. tax credit system, but not those found in the Canadian system.     

古镇旅游开发及其商业化现象初探

近20年来古镇旅游逐渐受到游客的欢迎,随着古镇旅游热的迅速升温,所呈现出的一些问题也逐渐受到学者的关注,特别是商业化问题成为争论的焦点,多数学者认为古镇旅游的开发使古镇受到"商业化"或"过度商业化"的影响,而关于两者却没有明确的界定.本文尝试对"商业化"、"过度商业化"进行区分,指出商业化是古镇社会-文化资本向经济资本转移的过程,其本身是旅游开发必然产生的现象;通过探讨旅游"商业化"与古镇发展的关系进而说明"适度的商业化"将有助于实现古镇旅游的可持续发展,并在此基础上提出有利于商业化适度发展的措施.     

碳市场建立对非控排企业绿色创新的影响研究

以尚未纳入碳交易体系的上市公司为样本,基于溢出效应框架分析碳市场建立对非控排企业环保决策的影响。研究发现,客户被纳入碳市场交易促进了非控排供应商企业的绿色创新。其作用机制在于,碳交易下的控排企业绿色创新具有基于生产网络的压力效应和动力效应,能够激发关联非控排企业的绿色创新意愿,并助推其绿色创新能力提升。这一溢出效应有助于实现非控排企业绿色创新增量提质,且该过程具有方向性,碳市场建立并不存在基于生产网络“自上而下”的治理效果外溢,相关影响在非控排企业客户集中度较高、绿色创新基础较好及环境不确定性较高时更加明显。此外,碳市场建立的绿色创新溢出效应对于推动非控排企业可持续发展具有积极作用。研究结论为高效发挥碳市场绿色治理效果、深化环保改革以促进经济高质量发展提供了管理启示。     

信息技术与会计发展安全问题探讨

随着信息技术与会计领域结合的日益紧密,对现代会计发展的安全问题提出了严峻的挑战和一些新的要求。     

Limits to community participation in the tourism development process in developing countries

This study deals with a normative concept of participatory development approach, which originates in the developed world. In particular, it analyses and explains the limitations to the participatory tourism development approach in the context of developing countries. It was found that there are operational, structural and cultural limits to community participation in the TDP in many developing countries although they do not equally exist in every tourist destination. Moreover, while these limits tend to exhibit higher intensity and greater persistence in the developing world than in the developed world, they appear to be a reflection of prevailing socio-political, economic and cultural structure in many developing countries. On the other hand, it was also found that although these limitations may vary over time according to types, scale and levels of tourism development, the market served, and cultural attributes of local communities, forms and scale of tourism developed are beyond the control of local communities. It concludes that formulating and implementing the participatory tourism development approach requires a total change in socio-political, legal, administrative and economic structure of many developing countries, for which hard political choices and logical decisions based on cumbersome social, economic and environmental trade-offs are sine qua non alongside deliberate help, collaboration and co-operation of major international donor agencies, NGOs, international tour operators and multinational companies.     

找准发展与经济结构调整良性互动的结合部

本文就如何在发展中进行结构调整,在结构调整中推进发展进行分析。结合十五届五中全会精神,笔者认为,要找准发展与经济结构2调整良性互动的结合部,发挥市场及市场机制的作用,进一步完善社会主义市场经济体制。     

顺酐国内外生产现状与发展趋势

世界顺酐工业正由苯法合成向正丁烷法合成转变，正丁烷法的生产能力已占顺酐总生产能力的80%，我国顺酐消费需求发展迅速，生产工艺仍以苯法为主，我国应立足于苯法生产，并做好向正丁烷法转变的技术准备，不断改进工艺淘汰小规模不经济顺酐装置，增强竞争能力。     

厦门市旅游资源评价及其深度开发策略

以国家标准（GB／T18972-2003）进行旅游资源普查所获得的资料为依据,从旅游资源的构成类型、质量和空间分布对厦门市旅游资源进行了评价,分析了厦门市旅游资源的开发条件,指出建立旅游资源信息系统,提升城市旅游形象,加大对社会旅游资源的开发利用以及加强区域合作可以促进厦门市旅游业的进一步发展。