SEO领导风格对绩效影响的研究——基于创业导向视角的实证分析

近些年,采用创新方法解决社会问题的社会创业组织(SEO)不断在全球兴起,并引起国内外社会科学有关学者们的关注和研究兴趣.其中,社会创业组织领导风格对SEO价值创造过程以及绩效的影响问题成为重要的研究课题之一.目前,国外在这一方面的研究取得初步成效.但是,在中国,该方面的实际研究处于空白.本文研究试图对此做一些弥补:一方面以Covin和Slevin(1991)开发的量表为基础,再借鉴H.Morris(2011)对创新性、超前行动和风险承担在社会创业情境下的界定,对创业导向的测量题项进行了修订,以反映社会创业与传统创业相区别的特征;另一方面,选取中国开展社会创业一年以上的个体或非营利组织为研究对象与样本开展中国本土化的实证研究.本研究发现,变革型领导对创新、风险承担和超前行动三个变量具有积极影响,以及创新和超前行动与社会创业组织绩效具有正向关系.     

创业导向与企业绩效的关系:国外研究进展

环境动态性与复杂性的加强,导致更多的企业采取创业导向战略以获取持续竞争优势。自20世纪80年代以来,创业导向与企业绩效的关系一直是公司创业理论与实证研究的核心问题之一。本文首先对创业导向的维度进行探讨,然后对创业导向与企业绩效的关系及其权变因素进行评述,最后对新兴的四种研究情景进行了总结。     

The process of entrepreneurial action at the base of the pyramid in developing countries: a case of vegetable farmers in Benin

The assumption that entrepreneurship is a critical factor in expanding employment, creating wealth and contributing to poverty alleviation at the base of the pyramid (BoP) in developing countries has led to the development of many initiatives to strengthen the entrepreneurial activities of poor people. Despite the fact that entrepreneurship is seen as a strategy in combatting poverty, the process that leads to entrepreneurial action in a BoP context is still unclear. In this paper, we illustrate the possibilities a multi-layered perspective offers to understand the complexity of entrepreneurship in poverty settings. Based on five focus group discussions and 36 in-depth interviews with vegetable farmers in Benin, we examined the entrepreneurship of poor people. We learned that entrepreneurial action is the nexus of individual and exogenous factors in complex relationships. Based on this, we elaborate on the characteristics of the process model of entrepreneurial action. We provide a process-based view of entrepreneurship at the BoP, suggesting a need for consistency between individual, behavioural strategies and contextual elements. We discuss the implications of our findings for BoP practice and provide a framing perspective that we hope will encourage a greater focus on the complexity of entrepreneurship phenomenon.     

企业技术创新与政府补贴行为间关系的实证研究——基于创业板上市公司的经验证据

以我国创业板上市公司为研究样本,探讨了企业技术创新对政府未来补贴的影响。实证检验结果显示:我国创业板上市公司的创新活动与政府未来补贴力度不显著相关,而创新绩效与政府未来补贴力度显著正相关,即创新绩效越好的企业越能获得更多的政府未来补贴。最后指出提高企业的创新能力进而获取更好的创新绩效才是企业长久的生存之计。     

地区创业氛围及其作用机理——一个族群水平的创业分析架构

创业氛围是一个地区所有族群成员关于创业的心智能力、价值观念和习俗惯例的集体和外在的表现。创业氛围是内生的,它是由创业活动衍生的创业学习、心理体验和社会互动的结果。创业氛围通过提升创业平均收益率和改变族群成员创业风险偏好,来提高创业惯例复制频率,进而提高地区创业活动水平。创业氛围与创业活动之间存在一个以知识累积和报酬激励为动力的正反馈演化路径。中西部地区促进创业活动的关键是,着力培育创业氛围并实现其临界突破。     

基于企业家行为动机的中小企业群落式衍生

本文以嵊州领带产业集群中小企业群落式衍生为案例,分析了中小企业经营骨干辞职创办新企业的行为动机,综合考虑经济、风险态度、个人的主观偏好和其他社会性效用等不同的偏好对选择成为企业家的影响．提出企业家动机各因素对企业家活动的影响关系。     

Does unemployment lead to a less healthy lifestyle?

In this article, we use 22 years of data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and information on plant closures to investigate the effects of unemployment on four indicators of unhealthy lifestyles: diet, alcohol consumption, smoking and (a lack of) physical activity. In contrast to much of the existing literature, which unlike our analysis is unable to assess causality, our results provide little evidence that unemployment gives rise to unhealthy lifestyles.     

Asymmetric effects of industrial production,money supply and exchange rate changes on stock returns in Turkey

The aim of this article is twofold: First, it examines the asymmetric effects of industrial production, money supply and RER on stock returns in Turkey by using the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model over the periods of 1994:01–2017:05 and 2002:01–2017:05. Second, it tries to determine whether there is a change of these macroeconomic variables’ effects on stock returns after the 2001 financial crisis since after 2002 period represents a structural break from the past in terms of economic, political and macroeconomic policy approaches. The study finds that the effects of the changes in industrial production, money supply and RER on stock returns are asymmetric, and the asymmetries are larger after the 2002 subsample compared to the full sample period. The empirical results further suggest that tight monetary policies appear to retard the stock returns more than easy monetary policies that stimulate them.     

发包方与供应商间关系对供应商创新能力的影响

采用多元层级回归方法,对影响供应商创新能力的驱动因素以及供应商在供应链网络中的等级位置对各驱动因素与供应商创新能力间关系的调节作用进行了理论探讨和实证分析。结果显示:在跨国外包情景下,发包方支持、共享活动和联结强度对供应商的创新能力具有显著的积极影响;供应商在供应链网络中的等级位置对联结强度与供应商创新能力间关系具有显著的正向调节作用,对共享活动与供应商创新能力间关系的正向调节作用不稳定。     

创业导向、外部知识获取与创业机会识别

创业活动是创新、就业和经济增长的重要来源。企业家通过持续探索创造新业务,促进社会和经济的发展和繁荣。本文基于资源基础理论和知识基础理论,以大众创业浪潮为研究背景,深入揭示创业导向、外部知识获取与创业机会识别之间的关系,并以中国246份创业新企业为样本进行了实证研究。研究结果表明：创业导向对新企业的机会识别和外部知识获取均具有积极影响;外部知识获取在创业导向和新企业的机会识别之间起到部分中介作用;此外,市场知识获取比技术知识获取对创业机会识别的影响更为突出。