创新机制优化环境服务三农——河南省农村金融市场的实证调查

三农问题是我国全面建设小康社会最根本、最重要的问题.要实现农业增效、农民增收、农村繁荣的目标,必须切实加大对三农的信贷投入.目前我国城乡金融资源严重失衡、农村信用环境不佳、农业保险发展滞后,导致三农发展的资金“瓶颈”依然突出.为此,地方政府应加强顶层设计,着力优化地方金融机构布局,并出台相应的扶持政策,帮助涉农金融机构克服各种障碍,切实增加对三农的信贷供给.     

Supply chain integration and operational performance: The contingency effects of production systems

The boundary conditions of supply chain integration (SCI) have been widely studied in order to find out when SCI is applicable and effective. However, prior studies have mainly focused on external contextual factors, such as supply complexity, environmental uncertainty and country-level infrastructure. This study contributes to the SCI literature by examining the contingency effects of internal production systems on the relationship between supplier integration, customer integration and operational performance. Based on organizational information processing theory, we provide evidence to show that the impact of supplier and customer integration on operational performance varies across production systems, such as one-of-a-kind production, batch production and mass production systems. The empirical results also reveal how supplier and customer integration can be matched with different configurations of production systems in order to achieve the desired quality, flexibility, delivery or cost performance.     

Did the Federal Crop Insurance Reform Act Alter Farm Enterprise Diversification?

We estimate how much United States farms changed enterprise diversification in response to a marked increase in crop insurance coverage brought about by the 1994 Federal Crop Insurance Reform Act, which substantially increased insurance subsidies. The analysis exploits farm‐level panel census data to compare farm‐specific changes in enterprise diversification over time. By examining diversification decisions of the same farms over time, we control for time‐invariant unobserved individual heterogeneity. We then use pooled cross‐sectional data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Resource Management Survey to estimate the relationship between farm diversification and average returns. We find that the insurance subsidies caused a modest increase in enterprise specialisation and production efficiency. Estimated efficiency gains are far less than the subsidies.     

Evolution of the Amazonian frontier: Land values in Rondônia, Brazil

Patterns in property values provide strong signals about the future and sustainability of land use. This paper analyzes the determinants of land value in an Amazonian frontier settlement. We estimate hedonic price functions to identify factors that affect the value of farm properties in the western Brazilian Amazon. Distance to market explains nearly one-third of the variation in farm value, as predicted by the von Thünen model. After controlling for location relative to the central market and for municipality, we find that investment in the farms (as reflected in the stocking rate of pastures and the establishment of home gardens) has the next largest impact on land value. The value per hectare of land is negatively related to total lot size, suggesting that any economies of scale are outweighed by the cost of accessing remote corners of large properties. We do not find that land values are related to available measures of biophysical factors or to historic or current land use. Our results do not identify any premium for forest cover or for land uses considered to be more sustainable than pasture on the property itself. However, farm values are affected by neighboring land cover, specifically, the extent of barren land. Thus, local knowledge of factors contributing to future productivity, as summarized in land values, confirms that soil exhaustion can lead to a general decline in property values, while investments in a property both as a homestead and as a farm can help sustain frontier settlements.     

城市空间的生产方法论探析

“空间的生产”是新马克思主义城市学派的核心概念.哈维在发扬“空间的生产”理论并将其用于城市问题研究上具有代表性.其城市空间分析的方法论特点有三:立足于自身问题;自由和富有批判性;阶级分析和文艺分析相结合.国内案例研究反映出微观与宏观、时间与空间尺度结合的重要性.     

拨开农业创业失败复兴迷雾：失败学习与创业能力的共演过程

农业创业赋予我国乡村振兴和农业高质量发展以无穷活力,但在实践中农业创业失败率却一直居高不下,创业者遭遇失败后究竟该如何复兴值得探索。选取央视《致富经》栏目中14个典型败后复兴的农业创业案例,运用扎根理论分析法,探究败后复兴过程中失败学习和创业能力演化规律。研究发现：①失败学习主要表现为归因学习、经验学习和迭代学习3种学习方式,能够作用于败后复兴过程中的创业能力形成;②创业能力主要包括机会能力、技术能力、市场能力及运营能力,对败后复兴起推动作用;③在败后复兴的3个具体阶段,失败学习通过填补知识空白、经验知识内化和知识体系革新3个关键机制与创业能力互动,能够有效促进创业能力演化,在败后复兴过程中起决定性作用。     

农业产业集群与农业区域品牌互动分析——以库尔勒香梨品牌为例

近年来,新疆大力推动特色林果产业发展,强势区域品牌成为新疆特色林果产业可持续发展的重要方面。“库尔勒香梨”是全国惟一获“中国驰名商标”称号的地理标志,成长经验值得借鉴。本文以农业产业集群与农产品区域品牌互动关系分析为基础,解析库尔勒香梨品牌成长道路。     

高职院校产学研合作教育的探索

产学研结合是指由学校和企业、科研院所在功能与资源优势上的协同与集成化,是技术创新的对接与耦合,是科技成果转化和产业化的有效实现形式和途径。产学研合作是将理论学习与实践训练相结合,培养学生实践能力和创新精神,全面提高学生素质的一种新型的教育模式,是高职教育进一步发展的必然趋势。高职教育走产学研相结合的道路,成为高职教育改革的重中之重,对新型人才的培养具有十分重要的现实意义。     

对当前农村富余劳动力转移的思考

农村富余劳动力转移是解决“三农”问题的重要途径。但由于当前农民自身素质、就业环境等诸多问题的影响,农村富余劳动力就业形势却不容乐观。我们必须采取多种措施,提高农民的素质,拓宽就业空间,优化就业环境,积极推进农村富余劳动力转移。     

Modeling and Extrapolating Wheat Producer Support Using Income and Other Factors

Using wheat market support data from 55 countries for 1961–2011 from the World Bank Agricultural Distortion database, we develop a fixed effect model that shows a more complicated, nonlinear relationship between income and wheat support and its components than previously realised. We find that income generally has a greater effect on border market price support than on domestic price support. Moreover, the difference between these types of support is greater for net importers than for net exporters and has increased with the URAA or WTO accession. Holding other variables constant, the wheat support level of China, driven mainly by border market price support, is projected to rise with future income growth. Meanwhile, Japan is projected to maintain its high level of support, while the US and EU are projected to maintain their lower levels of support. These results are relevant in the context of multilateral trade negotiations, arguing against a narrow focus on past or current policy profiles and for long‐run analyses that might mistakenly rest on the inconsistent assumptions of constant agricultural policies against the backdrop of rising incomes.