农业产业结构调整效应分析——以安徽省凤阳县为例

农业经济增长与农业产业结构之间有着密切的关系,农业结构调整有助于农业经济增长。文章实证分析了改革开放以来安徽省凤阳县农业产业结构调整的历程以及对农业经济增长与农民增收的影响,并提出在建设社会主义新农村战略下进一步调整农业产业结构,促进农业经济增长的建议。     

关于建立海峡两岸农业共同市场的探讨

本文从两岸农业产业的互补性分析入手,阐述了两岸农业合作的可行性与潜力,在逐一分析两岸农业共同市场要素的基础上,提出了建立两岸共同市场的若干设想与实现步骤。     

Measuring Productivity from Vertically Integrated Sectors

There are many ways to measure productivity. The choice will depend on the suitability of each index to the main purpose the researcher has in mind. Whenever we are interested in 'competitiveness', the proper measure will be the inverse of the total labour embodied in one unit of final product; or, what amounts to the same, the labour employed in the vertically integrated sector corresponding to each final good. A weighted mean of these yields an index of aggregate productivity suitable for measuring social welfare. Another index of aggregate productivity (this one related to the profit rate and potential growth) coincides with the inverse of the maximum eigenvalue of the 'socio-technical matrix'. These indices are computed for the Spanish economy and compared with more conventional ones.     

我国农技推广服务供给研究

我国“供给主导“服务的农业技术推广体系造成了农业技术推广的供给与需求之间的错位,同时,农业技术推广经费的不足也严重制约了农业技术推广工作的开展.为此,我们提出了加强我国农技服务供给的政策建议.     

Manipulation of the Walrasian mechanism in production economies with unbounded short-selling

Hurwicz (1979) and Otani and Sicilian (1982, 1990) characterized the Nash equilibrium allocations of the Walrasian demand manipulation game in successively more general exchange environments. In this paper, I extend the analysis to production economies with short-selling. First, I generalize Hurwicz’s and Otani and Sicilian’s theorem that any allocation at which each agent’s consumption bundle lies above her true offer curve can be supported in Nash equilibrium. I then show that for finite economies of any size the set of such allocations is often topologically large.Received: 17 January 2003, Accepted: 4 April 2005, JEL Classification: D51, D82For comments on this and earlier versions of the paper, I wish to thank Rick Bond, Bhaskar Chakravorti, Tom Gresik, Costas Syropoulos and William Thomson. I would especially like to thank Mike Jerison for helping to overcome a difficulty with a previous version. Also, the comments of the anonymous referees are gratefully acknowledged.     

免征农业税对农村的效应分析

传统的农业税制度一直制约着我国农村的发展,并产生了诸多不利影响。中央做出免征农业税的决定在一定程度上对农村产生了正面效应,促进了农民增收,缩小了城乡差距;但同时也对农村的发展产生了负面效应,固化了乡镇的管理模式,使农村义务教育、公共卫生以及农村基础设施建设和维护方面陷入了资金短缺的困境。为此,今后应在税制改革、健全社会保障等方面进行配套改革。     

全球化背景下的制造业生产调度体系探讨

面对客户随机需求,制造业生产调度系统应促进生产的快速性、动态性和敏捷性。论文以制造业生产调度体系为研究对象,从生产车间调度的目标、方法、手段、资源等基本要素入手,总结了传统生产调度系统在实际生产中的问题,并概括了系统集成视角下的生产调度方法及其改进措施,介绍了不确定条件下生产调度策略及评价指标。运用系统集成的思想,探讨了供需链环境下的制造业生产调度系统模式,最终提出了生产调度系统的集成化、动态化、高效智能化、柔性化和排程可视化等发展方向。     

Wheat demand in Japanese flour milling industry: a production theory approach

A production approach based on the translog cost function is used to analyze import demand for wheat differentiated by class and country of origin in the Japanese wheat flour milling industry. Results indicate that US wheat faces strong competition in the Japanese wheat market, but its multiple classes and end‐use characteristics enable the US to preserve the largest market share in Japan.     

The economics of coupled farm subsidies under costly and imperfect enforcement

This study relaxes the assumption of perfect and costless policy enforcement found in traditional agricultural policy analysis and introduces enforcement costs and cheating into the economic analysis of output subsidies. Policy design and implementation is modeled in this paper as a sequential game between the regulator who decides on the level of intervention, an enforcement agency that determines the level of policy enforcement, and the farmer who makes the production and cheating decisions. Analytical results show that farmer compliance is not the natural outcome of self‐interest and complete deterrence of cheating is not economically efficient. The analysis also shows that enforcement costs and cheating change the welfare effects of output subsidies, the efficiency of the policy instrument in redistributing income, the level of government intervention that transfers a given surplus to agricultural producers, the socially optimal income redistribution, and the social welfare from intervention.     

浅析含水原油油量的计算

油量的计量与计算是石化行业生产经营中的一项重要的技术基础性工作，在先进的计量工艺条件下，科学准确的计算方法是确保计量结果准确可靠的重要手段。对于含水率超过２％的原油的油量计算提出一种方法。