全球化背景下的制造业生产调度体系探讨

面对客户随机需求,制造业生产调度系统应促进生产的快速性、动态性和敏捷性。论文以制造业生产调度体系为研究对象,从生产车间调度的目标、方法、手段、资源等基本要素入手,总结了传统生产调度系统在实际生产中的问题,并概括了系统集成视角下的生产调度方法及其改进措施,介绍了不确定条件下生产调度策略及评价指标。运用系统集成的思想,探讨了供需链环境下的制造业生产调度系统模式,最终提出了生产调度系统的集成化、动态化、高效智能化、柔性化和排程可视化等发展方向。     

Wheat demand in Japanese flour milling industry: a production theory approach

A production approach based on the translog cost function is used to analyze import demand for wheat differentiated by class and country of origin in the Japanese wheat flour milling industry. Results indicate that US wheat faces strong competition in the Japanese wheat market, but its multiple classes and end‐use characteristics enable the US to preserve the largest market share in Japan.     

The economics of coupled farm subsidies under costly and imperfect enforcement

This study relaxes the assumption of perfect and costless policy enforcement found in traditional agricultural policy analysis and introduces enforcement costs and cheating into the economic analysis of output subsidies. Policy design and implementation is modeled in this paper as a sequential game between the regulator who decides on the level of intervention, an enforcement agency that determines the level of policy enforcement, and the farmer who makes the production and cheating decisions. Analytical results show that farmer compliance is not the natural outcome of self‐interest and complete deterrence of cheating is not economically efficient. The analysis also shows that enforcement costs and cheating change the welfare effects of output subsidies, the efficiency of the policy instrument in redistributing income, the level of government intervention that transfers a given surplus to agricultural producers, the socially optimal income redistribution, and the social welfare from intervention.     

浅析含水原油油量的计算

油量的计量与计算是石化行业生产经营中的一项重要的技术基础性工作，在先进的计量工艺条件下，科学准确的计算方法是确保计量结果准确可靠的重要手段。对于含水率超过２％的原油的油量计算提出一种方法。     

Contractual Relations in Agricultural Credit Markets: A Hedonic Pricing Approach with Application to Poland

We present a micro‐econometric analysis of agricultural credit market outcomes in Poland that investigates the relationship between contractual arrangements and interest rates. An innovative theoretical framework based on a hedonic market model is developed. We interpret the factors that influence interest rates as ‘quality’ components of the credit contract. Using unique data allows us to consider both nominal interest rates and additional bank fees. The results show that banks have preferences for particularly liquid types of collateral, whereas they care little about the purpose for which the loan is used. Furthermore, the analysis allows quantification of the effects of socioeconomic attributes of farmers, different lending sources and government subsidies on interest rates. The latter effect is small compared with the officially declared reduction of the nominal interest rate. A simulation shows that enabling more borrowers to use liquid forms of collateral implies lower rates than those obtained by participating in the subsidy programme.     

资本积累、技术变迁与总量生产函数——基于中国1980-2005年经验数据的分析

确定一国经济增长过程中的总量生产函数,是宏观经济学界面临的重要问题。本文在估算中国物质资本存量的基础上,通过研究不同年份技术变迁的总体情况,使总量生产函数本身的变迁与沿着该曲线产生的各种移动相分离,从而能够弥补已有文献在这一领域的不足,得出更加准确的总量生产函数形式。资本存量、技术变动和总量生产函数的确定,既能满足研究各种要素投入对经济增长贡献的需要,又能成为政府评估和预测经济走势、合理制定长期经济政策的重要依据。     

中澳农矿产品贸易问题与对策

自“中澳自由贸易区”谈判启动以来,双边贸易额不断增长,贸易领域不断拓宽,经济互补性持续增强,彼此已成为主要的贸易伙伴。中国从澳大利亚进口农产品和矿产品,并在两类产品上形成了对澳较高的进口依存度。但是,随着国际原材料价格上涨,两国农矿产品贸易逆差增大,中国对澳大利亚的贸易条件出现恶化趋向。本文从实证出发分析产生这种现象的原因,并结合中澳自贸区谈判的进程提出多样化的应对策略。     

社会主义分配理论的新发展——学习党的十六大报告关于分配问题论述的几点体会

党的十六大报告在分配问题上提出了一系列新的观点和思想。主要表现为生产要素概念范围的扩大、按生产要素分配含义的明确、分配政策的全面与完整等。     

Are scale economies in banking elusive or illusive?: Evidence obtained by incorporating capital structure and risk-taking into models of bank production

This paper explores how to incorporate banks' capital structure and risk-taking into models of production. In doing so, the paper bridges the gulf between (1) the banking literature that studies moral hazard effects of bank regulation without considering the underlying microeconomics of production and (2) the literature that uses dual profit and cost functions to study the microeconomics of bank production without explicitly considering how banks' production decisions influence their riskiness.Various production models that differ in how they account for capital structure and in the objectives they impute to bank managers – cost minimization versus value maximization – are estimated using U.S. data on highest-level bank holding companies. Modeling the bank's objective as value maximization conveniently incorporates both market-priced risk and expected cash flow into managers' ranking and choice of production plans.Estimated scale economies are found to depend critically on how banks' capital structure and risk-taking are modeled. In particular, when equity capital, in addition to debt, is included in the production model and cost is computed from the value-maximizing expansion path rather than the cost-minimizing path, banks are found to have large scale economies that increase with size. Moreover, better diversification is associated with larger scale economies while increased risk-taking and inefficient risk-taking are associated with smaller scale economies.     

WTO国营贸易规则与我国农产品国营贸易制度

由于各成员国对农业国营贸易的政策定位立场不同，因而未能在GATT／WTO框架下形成关于国营贸易清晰完善的规则，WTO国营贸易规则存在定义不清、透明度履行要求不清等缺陷。在现行WTO规则下，我国仍应坚持国营贸易企业的垄断权，适当发展农民联合贸易体。