《神曲》中的两希文化对立与融合

但丁的《神曲》既浸透了宗教意识,又饱含了生命的热情。翻开《神曲》,我们可以看出,面对两希文化各有千秋的局面,但丁显得十分热切,但又带点茫然。但丁的《神曲》为两希文化的融合作出了一次伟大的尝试。从《神曲》中所反映出来的两希文化对立和融合出发,深入探讨了两种不同文化对作品的影响。     

The Heavenly Calculus and Socially Responsible Business Conduct: An Explorative Study among Executives

Summary In this paper we present a theoretical economic model, describing the influence of eschatological beliefs of executives on their socially responsible business conduct. The core hypothesis is that the belief that one’s eternal destination depends on how one behaves in business will provide an incentive to socially responsible business conduct. We confront the model with explorative empirical data, collected by in-depth interviews with and questionnaires among twenty Dutch executives. The data provide weak indications that eschatological beliefs influence the executives’ socially responsible business conduct. The authors would like to thank the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and the employers’ association VNO-NCW for their financial support. Thanks also to Boaz van Luijk and Aziza Yahia for their assistance in the collection of data used in this paper. We also thank the editor, professor M.M.G. Fase, and two anonymous referees for their valuable suggestions.     

Usury and Just Compensation: Religious and Financial Ethics in Historical Perspective

Usury is a concept often associated more with religiously based financial ethics, whether Christian or Islamic, than with the secular world of contemporary finance. The problem is compounded by a tendency to interpret riba, prohibited within Islam, as both usury and interest, without adequately distinguishing these concepts. This paper argues that in Christian tradition usury has always evoked the notion of money demanded in excess of what is owed on a loan, disrupting a relationship of equality between people, whereas interest was seen as referring to just compensation to the lender. Although it is often claimed that hostility towards ‘usury’ has been in retreat in the West since the protestant Reformation, we would argue that the crucial break came not with Calvin, but with Jeremy Bentham, whose critique of the arguments of Adam Smith, upholding the reasonableness of the laws against usury, led to the abolition of the usury laws in England in 1854. There has to be a role for law, whether Islamic or secular, in regulating financial relationships. We argue that by retrieving the necessary distinction between demanding usury as illegitimate predatory lending and interest as legitimate compensation, we can discover common ground behind the driving principles of financial ethics within both Islamic and Christian tradition that may still be of relevance today. By re-examining past ethical discussions of the distinction between usury and just compensation, we argue that the world’s religious traditions can make significant contributions to contemporary debate. Constant Mews is Director of the Centre for Studies in Religion and Theology at Monash University. He holds PhD and Masters degrees in medieval history, and pursues research in medieval religion, thought and ethics. Ibrahim Abraham is a PhD student in the School of Political and Social Inquiry, Monash University, with degrees in religion studies as well as law. His research interests include religion and culture, fair trade, and human rights.     

Attitudes of University Students toward Business Ethics: A Cross-National Investigation of Australia, Singapore and Hong Kong

With the current globalisation and complexity of today’s business environment, there are increasing concerns on the role of business ethics. Using culture and religion as the determinants, this paper presents a cross-national study of attitudes toward business ethics among three countries: Australia, Singapore and Hong Kong. The results of this paper have shown the attitudes toward business ethics to be significantly different among the three countries. It was also found that respondents who practised their religion tend to consider themselves more ethically minded than those who do not. Additional findings on gender have also revealed significant differences between the males and females for respondents in Singapore and Australia. Males are generally considered more ethical than females across the three countries studied. Dr. Ian Phau teaches Marketing at the Curtin University of Technology. He is an avid researcher in the area of country image and branding issues. He also edits a peer reviewed marketing journal. Garick Kea is a researcher with the Curtin University of Technology. His research interests include consumer ethnocentrism, Consumer Animosity and marketing ethics.     

"Just Like Prophet Mohammad Preached": Labor,Piety, and Charity in Contemporary Turkey

ABSTRACT

Based on research conducted in Konya, Istanbul, Afyon, Izmir, Manisa, and Denizli, Turkey, in 2004–9, this contribution documents how gendered individual religious practices are conjoined to transnational business competition, changing labor conditions, and broader projects of economic transformation. The study focuses on the carpet-weaving and textile industries and civil society organizations in Turkey, investigating the ways in which charitable giving, pious practice, and local labor conditions create uniquely complex ways in which socioeconomic policies, processes, and commitments affect gendered lives. What is witnessed in weaving neighborhoods, civil society organizations, and the transnational linkages of production–consumption is neither a wholesale translation of Weberian capitalism nor a strict implementation of Islamic texts and practices. It is a unique Turkish assemblage of faith, religious practice, charitable giving, and flexibility of labor. This contribution calls for feminist researchers to empirically examine “pious economies” – that is, the linkages between pious practice and economic behavior.     

State privatization and the unrelenting expansion of neoliberalism: The case of the Greek financial crisis

The existing literature has identified two waves of reforms within the neoliberal agenda of state privatization, deregulation and new public management. This study examines what we call the third wave of neoliberal reforms of governmentality, in which members of central governments and public servants increasingly come to think and behave like business entrepreneurs. We address the matter through the lens of crises theoretically capable of undermining neoliberalism's legitimacy. Specifically, we aim to better understand the manufacturing of consent to the neoliberal agenda of state privatization. We study the falsification of Greek public accounts as revealed in 2010, relying on empirical material, such as journalistic statements and reports from international institutions. Our analysis indicates that, although the Greek crisis provided an opportunity to question key aspects of contemporary state management, including the practice by governments of creative finance, the main problematizing trajectories articulated in both the media and political arenas did not destabilize but consolidated neoliberalism. In particular, we illustrate how discursive activity favors the emergence of a collective interpretation of crises that perpetuates the hold of neoliberalism over the social and political realms. In the discussion, we reflect on the consequences that this has for democratic processes.     

基于TCM-CVM综合模型的平遥古城旅游景区经济价值评估

借助问卷调查、统计年鉴和公报等获取基础数据资料,构建TCM-CVM综合评价模型,对山西省平遥古城旅游景区进行经济价值综合评估研究,结果显示:2021年平遥古城旅游景区经济价值评估值为152.66亿元,其中使用价值为84.46亿元,非使用价值为68.2亿元,表明平遥古城世界文化遗产旅游资源开发利用的经济、生态和社会效益处于有序发展、和谐共生的旅游环境之中;游客总旅行费用>消费者剩余,表明旅游者对于平遥古城旅游景区的评价感与认可感显著提升;存在价值>遗产价值>选择价值,表明当前旅游者的旅游需求与环境保护意识明显提升,更加注重代内与代际间的公平。     

论四川广汉古蜀国金属（紫铜）书的发现--中国古文字的新载体

文字的出现,标志着社会文明程度已经达到一个极高的水平。近年来在四川广汉古蜀国,除了在树皮、竹简、玉简、龟壳、甲骨等物件上发现古文字外,还发现有用金属（紫铜）切成16K 大小的金属书,这是世界上绝无仅有的事情。这一发现,不但会改写中国的书籍史,而且对世界书籍史的研究都有重大参考价值,而铜冶金历史也将被向前推至上古时代。     

四川广汉惊现古蜀国甲骨文及神秘图案

四川广汉发现了古蜀国时期的两种甲骨文。与以往媒体和文献中报导不同的是,其中一种甲骨文还带有神秘图案,即既有文字,又有图案。这是甲骨文的新类型,颜色从灰褐到黑褐。这可能就是考古学上所讲的燎祭的产物。另一种甲骨文与殷墟发现的甲骨文一致,其时间应早于殷墟的甲骨文。这一发现,再次说明四川古蜀国的文明程度已经达到一个很高的水平,值得考古学家和古文字学家的高度重视。