自贸区升级协定的贸易效应研究——来自中国—东盟的证据

立足于中国—东盟自贸区升级协定的现实背景,本文梳理了升级协定影响域内外贸易的内在机理,并利用1999—2018年面板数据对理论假说进行了实证检验。研究结果显示,在总量贸易层面上,升级协定会显著促进中国的域内出口,但对域内进口影响不显著。异质性检验表明,中国域内出口促进效应对小型、低收入、高贸易依存度的国家以及SITC目录下第4-9类产品影响更为显著。在域外进口效应上,研究发现升级协定使中国的域外进口显著增加,对东盟的域外进口影响不显著。中介效应检验结果显示,贸易成本是影响中国域外出口的中介变量,中国域内出口和收入水平则是影响中国域外进口的重要渠道。     

Evaluating Wisconsin dairy producer compliance and potential eligibility for international markets under existing European Union and United States Grade “A” bulk tank somatic cell count compliance criteria

A proposal to lower the bulk tank Somatic Cell Count (SCC) maximum for United States of America (US) Grade “A” milk producers was not adopted by the National Conference on Interstate Milk Shipments in 2011 or 2013. The proposal would have made the US Grade “A” limit consistent with many other international standards, including that of the European Union (EU). Some US states, however, have proactively adopted their own SCC limit to mirror the EU limit. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impacts on Wisconsin dairy producers if Wisconsin should adopt the current EU limit and compliance criterion. Analyses were done on SCC results for Wisconsin Grade “A” and Grade “B” dairy producers reported each month to the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection (WDATCP) during January 1, 2009–December 31, 2012. Results were evaluated against the current US Grade “A” and EU compliance criteria for SCC and the percentage of (producer × month) combinations in compliance was determined. If the current EU SCC compliance criterion was in place, 86.7–94.3 and 64.3–77.3% of Wisconsin Grade “A” and “Grade “B” (producer × month) combinations, respectively, would have been in compliance for the years 2009–2012. Compliance of Wisconsin Grade “A” and Grade “B” producers with the existing US SCC compliance criterion during the same period was 99.3–99.7% and 87.9–93.9% (producer × month combinations) respectively. An analysis of a subset of Wisconsin Grade “A” producers indicated that smaller-volume producers were less likely than larger-volume producers to meet the EU criterion.     

多哈回合早期收获与《贸易便利化协定》

WTO多哈回合谈判历经十余年陷入僵局,但2013年12月在巴厘部长级会议上终于达成了早期收获,其中最大的成果就是《贸易便利化协定》达成了实质性合意。该协定内容丰富,在贸易便利化方面具有突破性的进展。从国际条约法方面看,还处于缔结程序中的该协定是未来WTO《多哈回合谈判最终文件》的一部分,并且也是"一揽子协议"。从国际组织法方面看,该协定的实施将会遵循WTO和WCO的合作模式,WCO将会发挥很大的作用。该协定合意的达成对于中国口岸和海关制度的改革具有很大意义,将会促进中国现代化海关制度的建成。     

海峡两岸经济合作框架协议（ECFA）对中美经贸及政治关系的影响——基于复合相互依赖理论的视角

海峡两岸经济合作框架协议（ECFA）是大陆与台湾＂五项共同愿景＂中迈出的重要一步,必将对中美经贸、政治关系等产生深远影响。本文将基于复合相互依赖理论的视角对ECFA及对中美关系的影响进行分析,并提出＂经济过程解释模式＂、＂总体权力结构解释模式＂和＂问题领域结构解释模式＂方面的建议。     

我国航运补贴的制度构架

海运服务关系到一国的国家主权安全和重大政治经济利益的得失,各国出于主权利益和政治经济等因素的考虑,海运服务自由化过程受到种种限制,而航运补贴制度则是海运自由化进程中的重要问题。文章在对我国航运市场的发展现状和我国航运业发展中所面临的困境进行分析讨论的基础上,分别从航运补贴的应然性和实然性角度,在航运补贴基础理论基础上对航运补贴制度予以探讨,提出完善我国航运补贴制度的法律举措。     

应对气候变化补贴与SCM协定

补贴是各国目前所普遍采用的应对气候变化措施之一。但是,依据现有补贴与反补贴(SCM)规则,很多以应对气候变化为真实目的的补贴都可能被判定为禁止性补贴或可诉性补贴,从而在很大程度上限制了WTO成员采取应对气候变化补贴措施的自由。因此,要为各国推行正当的应对气候变化补贴铺平道路,就必须对SCM协定的相关规则进行修改和完善。目前比较可行的办法是借鉴GATT第20条模式,增加环保例外条款。     

WTO协定在食品安全争端中的适用及最新发展

WTO体制中的食品安全争端可能适用的法律规则包括GATT、《TBT协定》和《SPS协定》。虽然上述协定都可能适用于食品安全争端,但在具体案件中,则需要适用特别法优先于普通法的法律选择规则,但也并非没有例外。在最近的澳大利亚苹果案和美国禽肉措施案中,由于系争措施的技术性质,专家组和上诉机构适用了《SPS协定》予以规范。从长期来看,《SPS协定》适用于食品安全争端会成为趋势。     

《粤港合作框架协议》中区域经济管理机构的地位初探

随着粤港两地经济交往的不断加深和市场经济体制的建立完善,更紧密经贸安排得到了快速发展,取得了较大的成就,但是衍生的问题也十分突出.从区域经济管理机构的层面来看,出现了多头管理,协调困难同时在职能方面也具育重叠性,从而产生管理资源的浪费等问题.只有创新两地经济管理机制明确其法定的职责和权限才能解决紧密合作发展中的制度瓶颈...     

浅析劳动争议“一裁终局”制度中裁审衔接问题

《劳动争议调解仲裁法》第四十七条建立了对小额仲裁案件以及涉及国家劳动标准的案件附条件的“一裁终局”制度,但对该项制度规定得过于简略,在操作技术层面考虑不周,尤其对该制度在仲裁与诉讼的衔接上未作详尽规定,使该制度的实际操作遇到很多困难和争议,导致其设计初衷未能进行充分有效地发挥。本文通过分析现行法律规范框架下劳动争议“一裁终局”制度在裁审衔接方面面临的主要问题的成因及其在实践中引发的困难,有针对性地提出解决这些问题的方法和建议,以期使“一裁终局”制度充分发挥其效用,从而促进劳动争议处理程序方面公平与效率的统一,构建和谐稳定的劳动关系。     

The WTO,the Doha Round Impasse,PTAs, and FTAs/RTAs

Beginning in 2001, the Doha Rounds afforded World Trade Organization (WTO) members the opportunity to develop equitable trade rules between the developed and developing member states. The WTO has been successful in advancing multilateral international trade; however, since the Doha Rounds stalemate, it has witnessed the development of more than 300 Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) and over 500 Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). This article attempts to answer two questions: (1) has the failure of the Doha Rounds contributed to the proliferation of PTAs and FTAs, and (2) are these agreements threatening the regulatory authority of the WTO, which, in turn, reduces its ability to effectively promote and govern free trade, and its mission?