我国生态退耕工程的政策保障体系研究

生态退耕工程从1999年试点实施以来,取得了显著成绩,但同时政策体系本身的缺陷和贯彻实施中的问题也逐渐显现出来。在目前我国退耕政策正处于面临质疑与挑战的关键时期,加快完善相关的政策保障体系,对于确保生态退耕工程的顺利完成和最终目标的全面实现具有极其重要的意义。本文通过对西部退耕工作中现存主要问题的剖析,综合得出为保证退耕工程顺利实施,西部生态退耕政策保障体系所应具有的内涵和框架体系,以求为国家制定更为完善的生态退耕政策提供合理建议和科学依据。     

关于因子分析的几点看法

因子分析作为探索系统内运动规律的重要工具之一被广泛使用。因子分析属于描述性分析,它能够保证在数据信息损失最小的前提下,从大规模的原始数据群中,迅速将重要的信息提取出来。将高位的数据集合进行降级处理,迅速地揭示系统中的因子结构,使人们对该系统达到尽可能充分和全面的认识。     

Pay dispersion among the top management team and outside directors: Its impact on firm risk and firm performance

Two key groups central to improving firm performance are the top management team (TMT) and the board of directors. Executives undertake strategic actions, whereas board members fulfill their resource provision and monitoring roles. Drawing on tournament theory and equity theory, we propose that high pay dispersion among outside directors and the TMT is positively associated with strategic risk, whereas high (low) TMT pay dispersion and low (high) outside director pay dispersion are positively associated with firm performance. Our predictor is the unexplained component of horizontal pay dispersion, or the residual of pay dispersion resulting from regressing pay on observable firm, industry, period, and individual characteristics. Our results highlight the importance of unexplained pay dispersion for TMTs, but not for boards of directors, in improving firm performance.     

Career mentoring in context: A multilevel study on differentiated career mentoring and career mentoring climate

This study explores how supervisor career mentoring contributes to contemporary organizational career development, which strives to foster employees' promotability while strengthening their intention to stay. Specifically, we focus on the implications of career mentoring in team contexts. Applying a multilevel framework, we distinguish between individual‐level differentiated mentoring (i.e., an employee's mentoring perceptions as compared to those of other team members) and group‐level career mentoring climate (i.e., the average perception across all group members). In a workplace setting, we collected data from vocational job starters (N ranged from 230 to 290) and their company supervisors (N ranged from 56 to 68). We find that career mentoring climate positively relates to promotability, more so than differentiated career mentoring. Both career mentoring climate and differentiated career mentoring are positively related to the intention to stay. At the individual level, this relationship is mediated by job satisfaction. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of differentiated and group‐level mentoring.     

非惯常环境:旅游核心概念的再研究——建构旅游学研究框架的一种尝试

本文将非惯常环境作为旅游的核心概念,阐述了非惯常环境与惯常环境的特征以及之间的相关关系,以此重新解释和推广了利珀模型和普洛格模型,以一种全新的视角,来审视旅游现象和本质,并试图以非惯常环境概念来重构旅游学研究的学科体系框架。     

开发长春汽车产业主体功能区的财政政策建议

财政政策对推进主体功能区建设具有重要作用,可以引导资源要素合理流动,促进经济快速发展,推进基本公共服务均等化。长春汽车产业区应作为主体功能区的重点开发区,财政政策要具体地为重点开发汽车产业区提供支持和服务。     

Statistical Thinking in Empirical Enquiry

This paper discusses the thought processes involved in statistical problem solving in the broad sense from problem formulation to conclusions. It draws on the literature and in-depth interviews with statistics students and practising statisticians aimed at uncovering their statistical reasoning processes. From these interviews, a four-dimensional framework has been identified for statistical thinking in empirical enquiry. It includes an investigative cycle, an interrogative cycle, types of thinking and dispositions. We have begun to characterise these processes through models that can be used as a basis for thinking tools or frameworks for the enhancement of problem-solving. Tools of this form would complement the mathematical models used in analysis and address areas of the process of statistical investigation that the mathematical models do not, particularly areas requiring the synthesis of problem-contextual and statistical understanding. The central element of published definitions of statistical thinking is "variation". We further discuss the role of variation in the statistical conception of real-world problems, including the search for causes.     

美国转基因生物安全行政监管特点分析

美国的转基因生物安全行政监管主要由农业部、环保署及食品药品管理局负责,部门之间分工明确,且建立了高效的协调机制和良好的公众参与制度;监管部门均设有下属专业的管理单位,强调检测评价报告以科学为依据,在管制方法上,以研究者为核心,以公司财产为担保,采用"自律"管制.这些特点的产生主要依赖于较完善的法律体系以及相当稳定的社会规范.根据我国转基因生物安全监管的现状,美国的监管体系值得我们借鉴:管理机构问的高度协调机制、专家知识的充分利用与信息共享,以及良好的公众参与制度.     

A policy analysis to promote conservation and use of small millet underutilized species in India

Despite the important role of Neglected and Underutilized Species (NUS) in diversifying agriculture, supporting traditional farming systems and improving food and nutritional security particularly in marginal lands, very little attention is being paid to their mainstreaming in national policies and institutions. Based on a detailed review of the regulatory frameworks governing the conservation, sustainable use and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of plant genetic resources and the circulation and registration of seeds and improved varieties, this paper discusses the extent to which the measures in place in India may favour or affect the conservation and use of NUS. In addition to these frameworks, in view of the major change realized by the 2013 National Food Security Act which has included coarse cereals in the country’s Public Distribution System (PDS), the paper also incorporates this latest policy in its analyses. A special focus is given to small millets, a group of species with unexploited economic and nutritional potential but extremely important for marginal communities’ food security and livelihoods. A set of policy recommendations and opportunities to explore are proposed to address the identified constraints with the purpose of creating a more supportive policy environment and enhancing the national capacity to promote NUS.