董事网络、独立董事治理与高管激励

独立董事的治理行为受到所处社会网络的影响。基于"董事在董事会同时任职的直接或间接联结关系"而形成的董事网络,本文利用社会网络分析方法检验了独立董事的网络特征对其发挥在促进高管激励有效性影响中的作用机理。结果发现:公司独立董事网络中心度越高,高管薪酬-业绩敏感性越强;与非国有上市公司相比,国有上市公司中独立董事网络中心度与高管薪酬-业绩敏感性的正相关关系更弱;进一步研究发现,用独立董事网络中心度解释的高管薪酬部分对未来业绩有促进作用。结论丰富了"网络和治理"研究的证据。     

The determinants of equity agency conflicts between managers and shareholders: Evidence from Australia

We analyse the determinants of equity agency costs for the top 500 Australian listed firms. Data are collected over four one-year periods (2004, 2005, 2010 and 2011) and analysed using both pooled OLS regression and two stage least squares regression within a random effects panel data model. Analysis covers the full four-year period, the pre global financial crisis (GFC) sub-period (2004 and 2005) and the post GFC sub-period (2010 and 2011). Shareholding, board characteristics and debt financing are found to have an impact on agency costs though there is evidence of some change in these relations with the onset of the GFC, particularly with respect to the impact of insider ownership and board size.     

Board risk committees: Insurer financial strength ratings and performance

We hypothesize and find that the existence of a board risk committee is positively related to A.M. Best’s Financial Strength Ratings, a measure widely used in the insurance industry to assess financial health. Using a sample of insurance firms from 2007 to 2013, we measure the impact of board risk committees on financial strength ratings and performance after controlling for various factors such as corporate governance characteristics. We find that firms with board risk committees report higher financial strength ratings, but only in the post-financial crisis period. Also, the formation of a board risk committee is positively associated with an increase in financial strength ratings from the year prior to committee formation to the year after committee formation. Further, we find that the presence of a board risk committee is not related to short-run firm performance benefits and that it takes five years for the presence of a board risk committee to be associated with future performance. Overall, our results provide evidence suggesting board risk committees are effective and beneficial from the standpoint of rating agencies and long-term financial performance.     

New development: Women with altitude—exploring the influence of female presence and leadership on boards of directors

This article reports on a study examining the influence of women on the boards of directors of NHS foundation trusts in England in the light of a recent UK government inquiry into women in senior positions. A high female presence among executive and non-executive directorships did not result in significant differences either in financial return or service quality. However, female chairs or chief executives resulted in significant reductions in negative social outcomes, such as lower clinical negligence costs, without harming financial management. The findings have important implications for gender diversity and gender targets on the boards of directors in business and other sectors.     

长三角经济圈中小企业板上市公司绩效评价研究

选取长三角经济圈中小板上市公司77家为样本,采用系统集成思想从理论和实践角度获得绩效评价指标集,利用客观定量确定权重的方法——熵权法,确定各指标权重,并用剔除歧异值后的2007年中小板年报披露数据计算的各指标均值做为标准值,构建长三角经济圈中小板上市公司绩效评价体系。结合目前理论界和实务界公认的股东权益自由现金流量模型、综合指标体系法、经济增加值法和净资产收益率法对样本进行对比分析,采用序号总和法获得各样本企业综合排名,最后采用绝对值偏差和法比较各绩效评价方法的准确性,得出长三角经济圈中小板上市公司绩效评价体系具有相对准确性的结论。     

多层次资本市场中的“新三板”对高新科技园区经济发展作用分析与实证研究——以中关村科技园区为例

文章从多层次资本市场及“新三板”的基本概念和在我国发展的背景出发，通过系统分析总结出高新科技园区经济的五大特性，揭示了“新三板”对高新科技园区经济发展的战略意义。“新三板”在北京中关村高新科技园区的实践，证明了“新三板”对科技园区的投融资体系建设具有的巨大促进作用。文章对在我国现实金融体制下，如何发展科技金融、解决科技创新与风险资本之间的对接渠道设计、最终达成破解科技型中小企业融资难的问题具有积极的探索意义。     

银行股东大会选任董事长法律效力浅析

股份有限公司(包括各类金融行业的公司)的董事长是怎么产生的呢?答案是由董事会以全体董事的过半数选举产生。其法律依据是《公司法》第110条:董事会设董事长一人,可以设副董事长。董事长和副董事长由董事会以全体董事的过半数选举产生。然而现实中的情况却要复杂得多,除了一部分董事会产生的董事长以外,还有不少股份有限公司的董事长是由股东大会选举或任命产生的。那么,股东大会能否选任董事长,这种途径产生的董事长到底有有没有效力呢?本文将在分析股东大会的性质和职能基础之上,结合我国《公司法》的有关规定及立法目的,同时考虑到公司在运营过程中的实际情况,逐步得出一些令人信服的结论,希望能对司法实践中处理此类问题提供一些有益的建议和帮助。     

Integrating agency and resource dependence theory: Firm profitability,industry regulation,and board task performance

Boards of directors are key governance mechanisms in organizations and fulfill two main tasks: monitoring managers and firm performance, and providing advice and access to resources. In spite of a wealth of research much remains unknown about how boards attend to the two tasks. This study investigates whether organizational (firm profitability) and environmental factors (industry regulation) affect board task performance. The data combine CEOs' responses to a questionnaire, and archival data from a sample of large Italian firms. Findings show that past firm performance is negatively associated with board monitoring and advice tasks; greater industry regulation enhances perceived board task performance; board monitoring and advice tasks tend to reinforce each other, despite their theoretical and practical distinction.     

上市公司董事会特征与审计费用率

本文以披露了2003年年报审计费用的上市公司为样本,借助回归分析方法,研究了审计费用率与董事会特征的相关性。本文发现,审计费用率与独立董事的规模显著负相关,与董事会的独立性、非独立董事规模显著正相关,与董事会会议次数不相关;与审计委员会的设立、独立董事的薪酬相关性不显著。客户规模、子公司个数、应收账款和存货在总资产中的比重、审计任期仍是影响审计费用率的主要因素;审计任期与审计费用率的相关性说明,审计师首次执行审计业务时不仅没有审计折价现象,反而可能存在显著的审计溢价。发现表明,独立董事相对规模较大的董事会支持高质量的审计服务,而绝对规模较大的董事会更可能改善公司内部控制环境。     

日本公司治理结构内部控制中存在的问题分析

内部控制是企业治理的主要内容之一。在新的经济环境冲击下,涉及内部控制的日本企业的组织管理架构以及一些旧的公司制度和惯习已经束缚了企业的持续发展。日本在解决内部控制中存在的问题上,注重从法律的建设入手,并以此为手段带动实体经济改革。从当前内部控制改革的动向看,虽然相关的一些上市企业能按法律要求去实施,但在新制度的效果上许多企业尚存在质疑。由商法的修改带动的公司内部控制问题及其改善成为日本近年企业治理的焦点问题。