中国城市创新空间溢出及其影响因素——基于行政边界效应的视角

在城市创新空间溢出效应的研究中,空间计量对于空间权重的选择具有敏感性。基于2003—2018年我国271个主要城市的面板数据,通过引入强、弱行政调节因子构建改进的空间权重,对创新空间自相关性进行比较。进一步引入杜宾模型实证分析了城市人口规模、产业集聚等因素对城市之间创新溢出的影响,并对创新空间关联进行分解,以探讨行政调节对各个城市创新溢出影响因素的差异性。研究发现,在考察期内中国城市创新存在空间依赖性和相互促进作用,城市创新空间溢出也会受到行政边界效应的影响;在地理距离空间上,城市人口规模能够促进城市间的创新溢出,但行政调节会减弱其影响。产业专业化集聚和多样化集聚抑制了创新溢出,但行政调节可以削弱这种不利影响;在经济距离空间上,城市人口规模、产业专业化集聚和人力资本等因素能显著促进城市间的创新溢出,行政调节产生的作用不大。各个城市各创新影响因素表现出的差异性为我国各级政府制定创新政策与协调实践提供理论和经验依据。     

Destination Appraisal for European Cultural Tourism to Iran

Local input into identifying and selecting the unique selling points of a destination is an important element in the development of appropriate and culturally sensitive tourism to developing international tourist destinations. Here, a destination appraisal matrix was created and, then, was tested by a group of Iranian tourist industry representatives. The destination appraisal matrix technique can easily be used by tourism marketers in such developing countries, and the matrix proved to be a successful method of initiating discussions on the problem of positioning a destination when normal expertise, structures and resources are lacking and conventional approaches to positioning are difficult or inappropriate. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.