创意企业集聚区环境优化设计——基于竞争优势视角的研究

建设创意企业集聚区是"十二五"期间城市加快创意产业发展的重要手段,各级政府纷纷出台创意企业集聚区的认定标准,但内容上参差不齐。本文构建了创意企业集聚区"环境六维度"对创意企业竞争优势的作用机制模型,随后在杭州市十家文化创意集聚区内采集了160份有效样本,运用结构方程模型对概念化模型进行数理化拟合。结果表明,政策支持、集聚区特色和入驻企业、地理区位、管理配套、孵化服务、集体声誉等环境要素,以创意企业智力资本(人力资本、结构资本、关系资本)为中介,对创意企业竞争优势产生作用。各级管理部门可以依据"环境六维度"优化设计创意企业集聚区认定标准,突出政策支持和集体声誉的重要性及全面性,发挥其余环境要素对提升企业竞争优势的针对性。     

The impact of supplier development on buyer competitive advantage: A path analytic model

As manufacturing firms increasingly realize that supplier performance is crucial to their establishing and maintaining competitive advantage, supplier development has been a subject of considerable research in supply chain management. We develop and test a path model to explore how supplier development practices affect buyer-supplier performance from the buying firm's perspective in the context of Hong Kong's electronics industry. The results show that top management, supplier evaluation, and supplier strategic objectives are significant determinants of transaction-specific supplier development, and that buyers that have closer collaborative relationships with suppliers may strengthen their competitive advantage.     

论比较优势的成本基础——从生产成本向“全成本”的拓展

贸易理论的历史演进表明,比较优势是一国参与国际分工和贸易的基本动因。古典、新古典和新贸易理论分别从劳动生产率、要素禀赋、生产规模等不同视角论证了基于生产成本的比较优势,进而可表达为"相对生产成本不等式"。随着制度、生态环境、"可持续性"等要素在国际贸易中日趋重要,使用制度要素所形成的交易成本、使用生态环境要素所形成的环境成本、耗费"可持续性"要素所形成的代际成本也逐步成为比较优势的成本基础。于是,可将使用或耗费广义要素的代价理解为"全成本",它构成了一国参与国际分工和贸易的比较优势的基础。     

动态竞争战略下的全面预算管理

全面预算管理作为战略管理的阶段化、具体化和程序化,它是执行战略规划的支撑,也是实现战略目标的重要保障。随着经济全球化步伐的加快以及市场竞争的日益加剧,企业经营环境的不确定性越来越大,以致传统的企业战略管理受到了严峻挑战,取而代之的是动态竞争战略。本文在分析动态竞争战略之特征的基础上,对动态竞争战略下的全面预算管理问题进行了研究,并构建了与动态竞争战略相适应的预算管理模式。     

城市公共自行车系统建设模式研究——基于低碳视域下的实践与比较

城市公共自行车系统的建设模式主要有民营企业建设模式、传统政府采购模式、PPP模式等三种.不同的建设模式会产生不同的实施效果.通过比较研究显示,在建设公共自行车系统的三种主要模式中,PPP模式具有很大优势,它有利于降低企业经营风险,减轻政府负担,保证项目实施效率,促进民营企业的发展.     

中、日、韩知识密集型服务贸易结构变动及比较优势的实证研究——基于RCA与特化系数等的分析

笔者从进出口总量、贸易结构与贸易竞争力3个角度,应用对称性RCA指数、特化系数等指标,对于21世纪以来中、日、韩知识密集型服务贸易比较优势与贸易结构变化进行了比较分析。研究结果表明:中国知识密集型服务贸易逆差较大,且呈现出扩大的趋势,对知识密集型服务贸易需求急剧增长;在知识密集型服务贸易领域,中国在整体上比较优势弱,与日本、韩国相比,还有很大差距;从分项目的知识密集型服务贸易来看,中国位于知识密集型服务贸易的低端,中国弱势行业多为2国强势行业,中国通讯贸易与韩国通讯贸易在出口上存在竞争。     

Consequences of competitive bidding in project-based production

This paper discusses the consequences competitive bidding have on lead time in project-based production, such as construction. Earlier studies argued that competitive bidding may significantly increase resource consumption and generate waste in the delivery process, which this paper supports. However, the relation between competitive bidding and lead time has been less discussed. Lead time reduction has long been considered a fundamental objective for overall business improvement. An objective of our study was to understand what contributes to long lead times. The reported findings are from a 4-year study on the delivery process of power distribution equipment, a type of engineered-to-order (ETO) product. The paper concludes by suggesting procurement practices that reduce lead times for ETO products.     

What drives firms’ intent to seek strategic assets by foreign direct investment? A study of emerging economy firms

What drives firms, particularly those from emerging economies, to engage in competitive catch-up with world leaders? We study the first step leading to catch-up, namely the managerial intent to acquire strategic assets that help closing the gap. Theoretically grounded in the awareness–motivation–capability (AMC) framework of competitive dynamics, we identify key factors contributing to firms’ strategic intent to catch-up by acquiring strategic assets abroad. Using a sample of 154 Chinese firms, we find that firms’ strategic assets seeking intent of foreign direct investment is influenced by their exposure to foreign competition, their governance structure, and relevant financial and managerial capabilities.     

信贷资源配置机制与微观企业盈利能力——基于行业数据的实证研究

信贷资源倾斜能否有效改善企业盈利能力,以及企业信贷优势形成背后的逻辑机理和微观影响,不仅关系到对产业赶超和金融抑制政策的效果评价,也对当前中国工业部门的转型升级具有重要借鉴意义。本文以同质化、低库存、小半径的水泥行业为研究对象,基于中国工业企业数据库提供的大样本数据,对微观企业盈利能力的影响因素以及信贷优势的形成机制进行实证研究。研究发现：（1）以信贷资源倾斜配置为核心的政策性扶持体系实质上拖累了企业盈利能力,政府干预和金融抑制最终会破坏行业竞争机制并造成微观效率损失;（2）水泥企业的信贷优势更多由政企关系、银企关系等非市场化因素主导,而与运营效率和宏观景气等市场化因素相背离,信贷资源的非市场化配置是导致其微观影响效果扭曲的关键所在。因此,推动金融领域供给侧结构性改革、规范政企关系对改善企业盈利能力和实现制造业转型升级至关重要。     

Multicultural managers and competitive advantage: Evidence from elite football teams

Successful organizations have dynamic capabilities that are aligned with their competitive environments. As competitive environments globalize, the dynamic capabilities driven by managers with multicultural backgrounds are increasingly relevant. These managers are more likely to seize cognitively distant opportunities than monocultural managers. Using panel analysis of multilevel data from 355 elite football (soccer) teams, we find support for a moderated relationship among the degree of globalization in the competitive environment, the multicultural background of team managers, and team performance. When the competitive environment is highly global, teams with multicultural managers outperform teams with monocultural managers. When the competitive environment is less global, the reverse is true. The same effect holds when tested both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.