适度消费与环境保护

本文从经济活动的消费入手,揭示过度消费对环境造成的巨大危害并分析其原因,进而提出适度消费的观点和实行适度消费的两点建议。     

Strategies to detect and reduce counterfeiting activity

While at one time counterfeit products were largely restricted to watches, designer apparel, and movies, today counterfeiting is a major problem in such diverse product categories as pharmaceuticals, automotive parts, and computer software. There are four distinct types of counterfeits: knockoffs, counterfeits that are reverse engineered from genuine goods, goods produced by outsourced suppliers on “third shifts,” and goods that do not meet a manufacturer's standards but are not properly labeled as seconds or destroyed. The quality of some counterfeits is so good that some major retailers have unknowingly purchased counterfeits. But while there are new forms of counterfeit goods, there are also new strategies for combating counterfeiting. This article describes how to detect and reduce counterfeiting activity, via a plan which consists of four steps: (1) developing early warning signals of counterfeiting; (2) budgeting to monitor, deter, and remove counterfeits; (3) using demand-side strategies to deter counterfeiting; and (4) using supply-side strategies to deter counterfeiting.     

股权质押下的控股股东增持:“价值信号”还是“行为信号”？

在股权质押的背景下,理性的控股股东会利用投资者的有限理性,通过增持向市场发送行为信号来提振股价,以缓解控制权转移风险。研究发现:股权质押下控股股东更有可能增持;短期内增持公告产生了正向的市场反应,其程度在非质押组和质押组间无显著差异;而长期来看,增持后质押组的长期股价以及经营绩效表现弱于其对照组,而非质押组则好于其对照组,说明股权质押下的增持并不是价值信号,而是行为信号。进一步研究发现,质押对增持的正向效应在高平仓压力组、低公司质量组、监管环境较宽松的欠发达地区更显著。拓展性检验表明,在考虑减持影响后,股权质押下控股股东更倾向于通过二级市场买卖和竞价交易实施净增持,并且管理层与其他大股东也会在一定程度上迎合控股股东的增持行为。最后本文排除了传统增持动机假说对上述结论的替代性解释。     

Family firm research——A review

This article reviews family firm studies in the finance and accounting literature,primarily those conducted using data from the United States and China. Family owners have unique features such as concentrated ownership, long investment horizon, and reputation concerns. Given the distinguishing features of family ownership and control, family firms face unique agency conflicts. We discuss the agency problems in family firms and review the findings of recent family firm studies. We call for more research to understand the unique family effects and encourage more research on Chinese family firms.Part I of the article discusses the fundaments of family firms: the prevalence of and the agency conflicts within family firms. Part II summarizes the findings of recent U.S. family firm studies. It reviews the evidence on the family firm premium(how, which, and when family firms are associated with a valuation premium), the manifestation of the agency conflict between majority and minority shareholders in family firms, earnings quality and corporate disclosure, and the determinants of family ownership and control. Part III discusses the prevalence and characteristics of Chinese family firms and reviews the findings of related studies. The article concludes with some suggestions for future research.     

论数字经济时代的软件版权保护技术

在数字经济时代,大多数版权作品都已实现数字化,这极大地方便了作品的使用和传播,但数字技术的发展也使得侵权成本大幅下降,从而刺激侵权现象的激增。版权人大量设置技术保护措施,借此保护作品的合法使用收益。本文对这一问题进行了介绍和剖析,认为应当适度控制并在立法中明确例外和免责条款,以确保我国数字经济的可持续发展。     

出口茶叶中三唑磷的残留现状分析与控制措施研究

综述了三唑磷的特性与应用、毒理学研究成果以及茶叶中三唑磷残留量的检测方法与测定方法标准。根据发达国家有关茶叶中三唑磷的残留标准法规及其产生的影响,对我国出口茶叶中三唑磷的残留状况及来源进行了分析,从生产实际出发,提出了控制茶叶中三唑磷残留的主要措施。     

企业创新效率研究——来自股权质押的影响

本文结合我国实施创新驱动发展战略及股权质押频繁的现实背景,利用2006—2015年A股上市公司的数据,探讨控股股东的股权质押行为是否以及如何对企业的创新效率产生影响。研究表明,控股股东的股权质押行为会显著降低企业的创新效率。进一步地研究发现:(1)当第二类代理问题越严重,或质押风险越大时,控股股东股权质押行为抑制企业创新效率的作用越明显,表明控股股东股权质押伴随的掏空效应及短视效应,是导致二者负向关系的重要原因;(2)掏空效应和短视效应在影响控股股东股权质押与企业创新效率的关系上存在显著的替代效应;(3)研发投入强度下降时,控股股东股权质押对企业创新效率产生的负面效应更强。本文的研究不仅丰富了企业创新效率影响因素及控股股东股权质押经济后果的相关文献,对于规范控股股东股权质押行为,提高企业创新能力,实现创新驱动发展战略,也具有重要的启示意义。     

Controlling strategy through dialectical management

Controlling strategy has been portrayed as a matter of managing tensions. But what are these tensions and how do they arise in firms? In this paper, organisational strategy is represented by a target operating model that is maintained by dialectical relationships between functional areas. Using a pragmatic constructivist framework, the functional areas may be conceptualised as specialised managerial topoi. Drawing on field work in the hospitality industry, the paper employs an actor-based research methodology to show that organisational tensions may develop out of conflicts between the different goals and logics associated with the various functional areas such as marketing, sales, revenue management and finance. Although there was evidence of accountants acting as custodians of the budgetary system, in some situations, other functional areas such as marketing or revenue management seemed to be the corporate policemen as they protected the corporate brand against unplanned price discounting or short term cost saving tactics. Rather than seeing functional specialisation as a disruptive obstacle to organisational coherence, the paper presents arguments and evidence which suggest that with the deployment of the principles of dialectical management, tensions between the different business functions can enhance strategic control and development.     

一种用于粮仓控温的新型专用空调

针对民用空调在粮库控温储粮中存在的不足,设计了一种新型空调器来解决这些问题。专用空调采用全铝质蒸发器结构及防腐处理可耐磷化氢腐蚀,加大蒸发器翅片间距、先送风后制冷的工艺及蒸发器可清洗的结构,具有蒸发器耐磷化氢熏蒸,减少蒸发器上的粉尘附着和提高设备换热效率等特点。经粮库使用设备性能良好,适合储粮环境使用。     

Determinantes microeconómicos del acceso al financiamiento externo de la estructura de capital de empresas del sector industrial

The aim of this paper is to analyze using an econometric panel data model, for fixed and random effects, microeconomic determinants of access to external financing that affect the capital structure of companies in the industrial sector, which were listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange (BMV) in 2000-2010, in order to demonstrate that the international financial crisis of 2007, modifies the relationship between these determinants and capital structure, which explains the changes in the policy of foreign currency funding that followed these companies. The findings show that export firms, issuers of ADRs (American depositary receipts) and the big large are finance in foreign currency before the crisis, and after it, only export firms and issuers of ADRs, although in a higher proportion export firms, which shows that to have better way to solve their problems of asymmetric information with your creditors, to have good collaterals in accounts receivable in foreign currency, and give investors a positive sign of a good economic situation, attained to continue financing in foreign currency despite the crisis.